Low Carbon Scotland - meeting our emissions reduction targets 2013-2027: second report

Footnotes

¹ Information on our purpose targets and performance indicators, including those relating to sustainability, can be found at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Performance/scotPerforms/glanceperformance

² http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/weekly.html, accessed on 3 June 2013

³ Etheridge, D. M., L. P. Steele, R. L. Langenfelds, R. J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola, and V. I. Morgan, (1996), Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric CO ₂ over the last 1000 years from air in Antarctic ice and firn ( http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/95JD03410/abstract), J. Geophys. Res., 101(D2), 4115-4128, doi:10.1029/95JD03410.

⁴ Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics for the World Bank, Turn Down the Heat ( http://climatechange.worldbank.org/content/climate-change-report-warns-dramatically-warmer-world-century), p.XIV

⁵ The World Bank. November 2012:
http://climatechange.worldbank.org/

⁶ Climate Change Delivery Plan: Meeting Scotland's Statutory Climate Change Targets, 2009:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/06/18103720/0

⁷ This figure has been adjusted for trading in the EU ETS. Unadjusted emissions have fallen by 29.6% since 1990.

⁸ Connie Hedegaard, the European Commissioner for Climate Action has stated that the EU is on track to deliver up to a 27% reduction by 2020.

⁹ European Commission, Green Paper, A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/green_paper_2030_en.htm

¹⁰ World Meteorological Organization. Annual Statement, March 2012:
www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/pr_943_en.html

¹¹ Met Office. December 2012:
www.metoffice.gov.uk/news/releases/archive/2012/2013-global-forecast

¹² Ibid.

¹³ Met Office. January 2013:
www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/long-range/decadal-fc

¹⁴ The Stern Review:
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm

¹⁵ Unadjusted for EU- ETS.

¹⁶ EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Viewer:
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer. Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 1990-2011:
http://naei.defra.gov.uk/reports/reports?report_id=756

Figures contain estimates for emissions from international aviation and shipping and emissions and removals from the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry LULUCF sector as reported under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. They do not include any adjustment for trading in the EU ETS. Latvia is a net source of emissions in 1990 and a net sink in 2011. Therefore, it is not appropriate to show a percentage change. Emissions resulting from offshore operations are not attributed to England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. They are included in the UK figures.

¹⁷ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2013/06/greenhousegasemissions07062013

¹⁸ Sniffer. An online handbook of climate trends across Scotland:
www.climatetrendshandbook.adaptationscotland.org.uk/index.html

¹⁹ UK Climate Projections:
http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/21708

²⁰ The Public Bodies Climate Change Duties:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/02/04093254/1

²¹ Procurement Reform Bill:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/Procurement/policy/ProcurementReform

²² Scottish Cities Alliance:
http://scottishcities.wordpress.com/

²³ For example, many people made significant effort to participate in two RPP2 workshops held in Edinburgh in May and September 2012. At the second workshop, the Director General of Enterprise, Environment and Digital committed to having an annual event to continue this engagement. Individual sectors have also continued to engage and consult with stakeholders on aspects of this RPP2.

²⁴ The basket of Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases comprises carbon dioxide (CO ₂), methane (CH ₄) and nitrous oxide (N ₂O), for which the baseline is 1990; and hydrofluorocarbons ( HFCs), perfluorocarbons ( PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF ₆), for which the baseline is 1995.

²⁵ Secondary legislation made under the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/climatechangeact/secondarylegislation

²⁶ The Scottish Government, RPP1, Low Carbon Scotland - Meeting the Emissions Reduction Targets 2010-2022: www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/rpp

²⁷ The large drop in 2013 reflects Phase III of the EU ETS coming into effect, with a corresponding reduction in the available number of emissions allowances.

²⁸ The percentage reductions shown for 2010 and 2011 give the precise figures required by those annual targets against the two versions of the 1990 baseline: from the 2008 and 2011 Greenhouse Gas Inventories. They do not show the reported outturn figures for those years. That information is set out in section 2.7.

²⁹ As discussed in this section of the document, any methodological updates to the Greenhouse Gas Inventory are backdated to 1990 wherever possible. This means that the total estimated level of Scottish emissions in 1990 can change in each edition of the Inventory. Adjusting to include a Scottish share of emissions from international aviation and shipping, the 2008 Inventory estimate for 1990 was 70,201 KtCO ₂e. In the 2011 Inventory the estimate for 1990 was revised upwards to 72,974 KtCO ₂e.

³⁰ See section 2.8 of the main RPP2 and section 3 of the Technical Appendix for more information about the Business-as-Usual Projection.

³¹ Committee on Climate Change, Reducing emissions in Scotland - 2013 progress report:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/reducing-emissions-in-scotland-2013-progress-report

³² Committee on Climate Change, Welsh Progress Report 2013:
http://www.theccc.org.uk/news-stories/ccc-reports-on-progress-made-on-wales-climate-change-strategy/

³³ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 2011
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2013/06/greenhousegasemissions07062013

³⁴ The Scottish Government, Scottish greenhouse gas emissions annual target:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/climatechangeact/reporting

³⁵ Committee on Climate Change, Reducing emissions in Scotland - 2013 progress report:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/reducing-emissions-in-scotland-2013-progress-report

³⁶ The Committee on Climate Change advice to the Scottish Ministers:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/what-is/expertadvice/advisorybody

³⁷ Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990-2008:
www.naei.org.uk/report_link.php?report_id=620

³⁸ The Carbon Accounting Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2010, SSI 2010 no. 216:
www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/ssi2010/ssi_20100216_en_1

³⁹ As part of an EU wide process to develop the EU ETS in phase 3 (2013-2020), official submission of public sector 'opt-outs' have been made to the European Commissions for consideration. These are due to be resolved later in the year and as such have not been incorporated into this document.

⁴⁰ European Commission, The state of the European carbon market in 2012:
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/articles/news_2012111401_en.htm

⁴¹ Committee on Climate Change, Scotland's path to a low carbon economy:
http://downloads.theccc.org.uk/Scottish%20report/ CCC-Scottish-Report-web-version.pdf

⁴² The Scottish Government, Draft Budget 2013-14, Details of funding for climate change mitigation measures: www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00408239.pdf

⁴³ Scottish Consumption-based emission reports:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Environment/ExpStats

⁴⁴ Production of a Time Series of Scotland's Ecological and Greenhouse Gas Footprints:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/10/28101012/0

⁴⁵ Greenhouse Gas Footprint 2009:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Environment/ExpStats

⁴⁶ Scotland's Climate Change Declaration:
http://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/sustainability-climate-change/sustainable-scotland-network/climate-change/scotlands-climate-change-declaration/

⁴⁷ Scotland's 2020 Climate Group:
www.2020climategroup.org.uk/

⁴⁸ Scotland's 2020 Climate Group:
www.2020climategroup.org.uk/about-2020/13-for-2013/

⁴⁹ IEA World Energy Outlook 2012:
www.worldenergyoutlook.org/

⁵⁰ Ibid.

⁵¹ Ibid.

⁵² The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/11/15085756/0

⁵³ Renewable Energy Investment Fund:

www.scottish-enterprise.com/news/2012/10/renewable-energy-investment-fund-open-for-business.aspx

⁵⁴ DECC. UK Electricity Market Reform:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/meeting_energy/markets/electricity/electricity.aspx

⁵⁵ BIS. UK Green Investment Bank:
www.bis.gov.uk/greeninvestmentbank

⁵⁶ DECC. Green Deal:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/tackling/green_deal/green_deal.aspx

⁵⁷ Scottish Government, Extending the Challenge:
www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2012/11/climatechallenge27112012

⁵⁸ DECC, Energy Efficiency Strategy: The Energy Efficiency Opportunity in the UK:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-efficiency-opportunities-in-the-uk

⁵⁹ The Scottish Government, Draft Budget 2013-14, Details of funding for climate change mitigation measures:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/climatechangefundingdocument

⁶⁰ The Scottish Government, Infrastructure Investment Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/Finance/18232/IIP

⁶¹ BIS. Green Investment Bank:
www.bis.gov.uk/greeninvestmentbank

⁶² Transport Scotland. Scottish Green Bus Fund:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/public-transport/Buses/Bus-Fund

⁶³ Central Energy Efficiency Fund:
www.energy-efficiency.org/ceef/CCC_FirstPage.jsp

⁶⁴ Salix Finance:
www.salixfinance.co.uk/

⁶⁵ Scottish Futures Trust:
www.scottishfuturestrust.org.uk

⁶⁶ Scottish Futures Trust. Scotland-wide hub initiative:
www.scottishfuturestrust.org.uk/our-work/hub/

⁶⁷ BREEAM:
www.breeam.org/about.jsp?id=66

⁶⁸ Energy Performance Certificates:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/BuyingSelling/Home-Report/epcs

⁶⁹ Scottish Investment Bank:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/fund-your-business/scottish-investment-bank.aspx

⁷⁰ Scottish Government News Release:
www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2011/11/08113629

⁷¹ The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Technical Guidance:
www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk/cibse-guides

⁷² The Carbon Trust Scotland:
www.carbontrust.com/client-services/scotland

⁷³ Scottish Enterprise. Fund Your Business guidance:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/fund-your-business.aspx

⁷⁴ Knowledge Transfer Network. Low Carbon Funding Landscape Navigator:
www.lowcarbonfunding.org.uk

⁷⁵ The Scottish Partnership for Regeneration in Urban Centres:
www.ambergreenspruce.co.uk/

⁷⁶ European Commission, LIFE Programme:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/about/beyond2013.htm

⁷⁷ Scottish Co-investment Fund:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/fund-your-business/scottish-investment-bank/sib-equity-funding/scif.aspx

⁷⁸EWGECO:
www.ewgeco.com/blog/energy-display-pioneer-embarks-on-non-domestic-expansion-drive/

⁷⁹ The Scottish Government, Low Carbon Scotland Behaviours Framework:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/03/8172

⁸⁰ Scotland's Census, 2011:
www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/en/

⁸¹ Scotland's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets do not change with changing demographics.

⁸² Climate Change Behaviours Research Programme - Update Report:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Research/by-topic/environment/social-research/Behaviour-Change-Research/CCBRPupdatereport

⁸³ The Scottish Government: Influencing Behaviours - Moving Beyond the Individual - A User Guide to the ISM Tool : www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/8511

⁸⁴ Tipping or Turning point. Social Marketing and Climate Change, 2007.

www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/publications/publication.aspx?oItemId=1174

⁸⁵ Southerton. D. et al (2011) International Review of Behaviour Change Initiatives. The Scottish Government: Edinburgh. www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/02/01104638/0

⁸⁶ Changing Household Energy Behaviours: Key Findings from a Review of Applied Research. The Scottish Government. Edinburgh. www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Research/by-topic/environment/social-research/Behaviour-Change-Research/domesticenergy

⁸⁷ Southerton. D. et al (2011) International Review of Behaviour Change Initiatives. The Scottish Government: Edinburgh. www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/02/01104638/0

⁸⁸ Cox, A. et al. (2012) The Impact of Workplace Initiatives on Low Carbon Behaviours: Case Study Report. The Scottish Government. www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/03/2237

⁸⁹ Southerton. D. et al (2011) International Review of Behaviour Change Initiatives. The Scottish Government: Edinburgh. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/02/01104638/0

⁹⁰ The Scottish Government, National Planning Framework 2: Action Programme:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/planning/National-Planning-Policy/npf/NPF3

⁹¹ Draft Electricity Generation Policy Statement:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/EGPS2012

⁹² The Committee on Climate Change advice to the Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/what-is/expertadvice/advisorybody

⁹³ The Scottish Government: www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Infrastructure/Energy-Consents/Guidance

⁹⁴ The Scottish Government, Report on the Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions Annual Target 2010:
www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/0040/00405463.pdf

⁹⁵ The pink line from 'Energy Supply' to 'End User' represents emissions from energy supply in the production of fuels used in international aviation and shipping.

⁹⁶ 'Exports' equates to emissions from international aviation and shipping.

⁹⁷ Energy imports (0.6 Mt) represents emissions relating to energy imports/exports. Scotland is a net exporter of electricity but the emissions in the diagram arise due to the use of UK emission efficiencies for electricity production. Scotland produces less GHG emissions per unit of electricity than the UK average.

⁹⁸ Scottish Government, Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Formal Review and Annual Report 2013:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/05/2162

⁹⁹ The Scottish Government, 2020 Routemap for Renewable Energy:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00406958.pdf

¹⁰⁰ Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Business/TrenRenEnergy

¹⁰¹ Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0041/00417390.pdf

¹⁰² Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2013/03/Energy-figures-28032013

¹⁰³ The Scottish Parliament:
www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_EconomyEnergyandTourismCommittee/eeR12-07.pdf

¹⁰⁴ Renewables Obligation Scotland:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Obligation-12-13

¹⁰⁵ Saltire Prize:
www.saltireprize.com/

¹⁰⁶ The Scottish European Green Energy Centre:
www.segec.org.uk/

¹⁰⁷ The European Marine Energy Centre:
www.emec.org.uk/

¹⁰⁸ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/11/15085756/0

¹⁰⁹ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Infrastructure/Energy-Consents/Thermal-Guidance/CCS-roadmap

¹¹⁰ Scottish Enterprise:
www.scottish-enterprise.presscentre.com/Media-library/Central-North-Sea-CCS-Storage-Hub-report-3dd.aspx

¹¹¹ The Department for Energy and Climate Change:
www.gov.uk/government/policy-advisory-groups/ccs-cost-reduction-task-force

¹¹² The Scottish Government (2013) - Scottish National Accounts Project:
http://scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP

¹¹³ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Infrastructure/Energy-Consents/Guidance

¹¹⁴ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/planning/National-Planning-Policy/themes/renewables

¹¹⁵ DECC, Maintaining UK Energy Security:
www.gov.uk/government/policies/maintaining-uk-energy-security--2/supporting-pages/electricity-market-reform

¹¹⁶ For more information on the Scottish Government position on EMR, please see our website at
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Infrastructure/Grid-Connections/EMR-consultation-UK

¹¹⁷ The Scottish Parliament:
www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/28862.aspx?r=8147

¹¹⁸ For a copy of the Economy, Energy and Tourism Report on the Legislative Consent Memorandum on the Energy Bill see:
www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_EconomyEnergyandTourismCommittee/Reports/eeR-12-07w.pdf

¹¹⁹ Ofgem, Project Discovery:
www.ofgem.gov.uk/Markets/WhlMkts/monitoring-energy-security/Discovery/Pages/ProjectDiscovery.aspx

¹²⁰ Committee on Climate Change, Energy prices and bills - impacts of meeting carbon budgets:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/energy-prices-and-bills-impacts-of-meeting-carbon-budgets/

¹²¹ Policy impacts on prices and bills:
www.gov.uk/policy-impacts-on-prices-and-bills

¹²² Renewable Energy Investment Fund:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/news/2012/10/renewable-energy-investment-fund-open-for-business.aspx

¹²³ The Scottish Innovation Foundation Technologies Fund
http://www.scottish-enterprise.com/your-sector/energy/energy-how-we-can-help/energy-funding/innovative-foundations-fund.aspx

¹²⁴ General Register Office for Scotland (2012). Household Projections for Scotland 2010-based.

¹²⁵ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558

¹²⁶ There were 2,124,000 dwellings in December 1990 and 2,495,000 in March 2011, the latest figure available.

¹²⁷ Committee on Climate Change, Reducing emissions in Scotland - 2013 progress report:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/reducing-emissions-in-scotland-2013-progress-report/

¹²⁸ Energy Saving Trust, CERT Reports:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Organisations/Government-and-local-programmes/Free-resources-for-local-authorities/Homes-Energy-Efficiency-Database/CERT-reports-from-HEED

¹²⁹ The Scottish Government, Housing and Regeneration Statistics: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Housing-Regeneration

¹³¹ Warm Homes Fund:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Take-action/Get-business-funding/Warm-Homes-Fund

¹³² DECC. Green Deal:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/tackling/green_deal/green_deal.aspx

¹³³ DECC. Energy Company Obligation:
www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48086/1732-extra-help-where-it-is-needed-a-new-energy-compan.pdf

¹³⁴ DECC. Community Energy saving Programme
www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48210/3342-evaluation-of-the-community-energy-saving-programm.pdf

¹³⁵ DECC. Community Energy saving Programme:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/funding/funding_ops/cesp/cesp.aspx

¹³⁶ Green Homes Cashback Scheme:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Take-action/Find-a-grant/Green-Homes-Cashback-Scheme

¹³⁷ Energy Saving Trust, Private Sector Landlord Cashback:
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Organisations/Innovation/Free-resources-for-housing-professionals/Private-Sector-Landlords

¹³⁸ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/sustainable/largescale/GreenerHomesProspectus

¹³⁹ The Scottish Government:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/sustainable/standard

¹⁴⁰ A Low Carbon Building Standards Strategy For Scotland, 'The Sullivan Report':
www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/217736/0092637.pdf

¹⁴¹ The Scottish Government, Housing Market Context Materials:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/supply-demand/chma/marketcontextmaterials

¹⁴² Renewable Heat Action Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat/RHUpdate11

¹⁴³ Update to 2020 Routemap for Renewable Energy:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/UpdateRenewableRoutemap

¹⁴⁴ Outline Heat Vision:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat/DraftHeatDeployment

¹⁴⁵ District Heating Action Plan:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/7473

¹⁴⁶ Expert Commission on District Heating:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat/ExpertCommission

¹⁴⁷ UK Renewable Heat Incentive:
https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/increasing-the-use-of-low-carbon-technologies/supporting-pages/renewable-heat-incentive-rhi

¹⁴⁸ DECC. Renewable Heat Premium Payment scheme www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/meeting_energy/renewable_ener/premium_pay/rhpp_voucher/rhpp_voucher.aspx

¹⁴⁹ District Heating Loan Fund:

www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Take-action/Get-business-funding/District-heating-loan-fund2

¹⁵⁰ Home Renewables Loans:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Take-action/Find-a-grant/Home-renewables-loan-scheme

¹⁵¹ Renewable Energy Investment Fund:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/fund-your-business/scottish-investment-bank/renewable-energy-investment-fund.aspx

¹⁵² District Heating Loans Scheme:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Take-action/Get-business-funding/District-heating-loan-fund2

¹⁵³ District heating Action Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/7473

¹⁵⁴ Home Energy Scotland Advice Centres:
www.changeworks.org.uk/householders/essacs-landing-page/408/#householder

¹⁵⁵ Energy Performance Certificates:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/BuyingSelling/Home-Report/epcs

¹⁵⁶ Climate Challenge Fund:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/howyoucanhelp/communities/ClimateChallengeFund

¹⁵⁷ Small business loans:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Organisations/Innovation/In-depth-energy-advice/Small-business-loans

¹⁵⁸ Landlords' Energy saving Allowance:
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/content/view/full/30143

¹⁵⁹ Historic Scotland:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers

¹⁶⁰ BRE:
www.bre.co.uk/

¹⁶¹ Aberdeen Heat and Power:
www.aberdeenheatandpower.co.uk/

¹⁶² Cube Housing:
www.cubehousing.co.uk/WhatsNew/November_2012.asp

¹⁶³ Conserve and Save: Energy Efficiency Action Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/10/07142301/0

¹⁶⁴ Guidance to support public bodies in exercising their duties under the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/01/05153413/1

¹⁶⁵ Businesses in Scotland:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Business/TrendBusinesses

¹⁶⁶ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558

¹⁶⁷ EU Emissions Trading System:
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm

¹⁶⁸ Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/crc_efficiency/crc_efficiency.aspx

¹⁶⁹ EU Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/ EU:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/eed/eed_en.htm

¹⁷⁰ With the agreement of Scottish Ministers, the Environment Agency operates as UK Administrator for the purpose of allowance sales.

¹⁷¹ DECC. Non-Domestic Green Deal:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/tackling/green_deal/gd_customer/gd_nondomcust/gd_nondomcust.aspx

¹⁷² DECC. Climate Change Levy:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/ccas/cc_levy/cc_levy.aspx

¹⁷³ DECC. Climate Change Agreements:
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/ccas/ccas.aspx

¹⁷⁴ Home Energy Scotland Advice Centres:
www.changeworks.org.uk/householders/essacs-landing-page/408/#householder

¹⁷⁵ BIS. Green Investment Bank:
www.bis.gov.uk/greeninvestmentbank

¹⁷⁶ The Scottish Government, District Heating loan scheme:
www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2012/10/districtheating1102012

¹⁷⁷ Renewable Energy Investment Fund:
www.scottish-enterprise.com/news/2012/10/renewable-energy-investment-fund-open-for-business.aspx

¹⁷⁸ Expert Commission on District Heating:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat/ExpertCommission

¹⁷⁹ The Scottish Government, District Heating Action Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/resources/Publications/DHAP

¹⁸⁰ The Highland Council, Heat Mapping in Highland Region:
www.highland.gov.uk/yourenvironment/planning/energyplanning/renewbleenergy/HighlandHeatMappingProject

¹⁸¹ The Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2009:

www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/261/pdfs/uksi_20090261_en.pdf

¹⁸² www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/261/pdfs/uksi_20090261_en.pdf

¹⁸³ European Commission:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/documents/eco-design/legislation/framework-directive/

¹⁸⁴ Ibid.

¹⁸⁵ The Scottish Government, Building Standards Consultation:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Building/Building-standards/publications/pubconsult/S63SGR

¹⁸⁶ Potential Carbon Abatement from the Scottish Public Sector:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/12/3885

¹⁸⁷ DECC, Meeting the Challenge: The Future of Heating:
www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/190149/16_04-DECC-The_Future_of_Heating_Accessible-10.pdf

¹⁸⁸ The Scottish Government, Heat:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat

¹⁸⁹ The Scottish Government:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/Heat/ExpertCommission

¹⁹⁰ The Scottish Government, District Heating Action Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/resources/Publications/DHAP

¹⁹¹ The Scottish Government, Resource Efficient Scotland:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Action/energy-efficiency-policy/ResourceEfficientScotland; www.resourceefficientscotland.com

¹⁹² The Scottish Government, Scottish Energy and Resource Efficiency Service:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Economy/EconomicStrategy/SERES

¹⁹³ Further information about Scottish Water and its subsidiaries is available from:
www.scottishwater.co.uk

¹⁹⁴ Further information about the water industry in Scotland, including the regulatory framework, see:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/waterindustryscot

¹⁹⁵ Further information about the non-domestic market in Scotland and the benefits retail competition have brought for businesses is available from the Water Industry Commission for Scotland:
www.watercommission.co.uk/

¹⁹⁶ Meeting the UK climate change challenge: The contribution of resource efficiency: www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Final%20Report%20EVA128_SEI%20(1)%20JB%20SC%20JB3.pdf

¹⁹⁷ Ofgem Renewable Heat Incentive ( RHI) Register:
https://rhi.ofgem.gov.uk/Default.aspx

¹⁹⁸ With the agreement of Scottish Ministers, the Environment Agency operates as UK Administrator for the purpose of allowance sales.

¹⁹⁹ Based on the current fleet size (2.3 million) and new car sales of 168,000, these percentages equate to new sales of 100,000 cars and a low carbon car fleet of around 710,000.

²⁰⁰ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558

²⁰¹The transport estimate includes emissions from international aviation and shipping, but the aggregate Scottish emissions estimate used here does not take account of the EU ETS.

²⁰² This is an internal calculation using Scottish Transport Statistics figure for vehicle kilometres and Scottish emissions data from the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory ( NAEI).

²⁰³ SMMT. Average new car CO ₂ emissions:
www.smmt.co.uk/co2report/#

²⁰⁴ Reducing CO ₂ emissions from vehicles:
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/index_en.htm

²⁰⁵ EC Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation:
https://www.gov.uk/renewable-transport-fuels-obligation

²⁰⁶ Assuming new car sales and fleet size on a par with 2011 figures. In practice, new car sales and fleet size are likely to be marginally above the 2011 level so absolute sales are likely to be higher.

²⁰⁷ Plugged in Places:
www.gov.uk/government/publications/plugged-in-places

²⁰⁸ Charge Place Scotland:
www.greenerscotland.org/greener-travel/electric-vehicles/chargeplace-scotland

²⁰⁹ Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/sustainability/low-carbon-vehicles

²¹⁰ Scottish Green Bus Fund:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/public-transport/Buses/Bus-Fund

²¹¹ Transport Scotland, Bus Service Operators Grant:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/public-transport/Buses/bus-service-operators-grant

²¹² The Scottish Government, Air Quality:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/waste-and-pollution/Pollution-1/16215

²¹³ Transport Scotland, Ferries Plan:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/strategy-and-research/publications-and-consultations/j254579-00.htm

²¹⁴ Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd:
www.cmassets.co.uk/en/home.html

²¹⁵ Clean Sky partnership:
www.cleansky.eu/

²¹⁶ Transport Scotland. Intelligent Transport Systems :
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/technology/intelligent-transport-systems

²¹⁷ Transport Scotland. Smarter Choices Smarter Places:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/roads/sustainable-transport/funding-for-projects/smarter-choices-smarter-places

²¹⁸ Changeworks, Energy Saving Scotland Advice Centres:
http://www.changeworks.org.uk/householders/essacs-landing-page/408/#householder

²¹⁹ Transport Scotland. Bus Policy:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/public-transport/Buses/Policy

²²⁰ Transport Scotland. Rail Policy:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail

²²¹ Transport Scotland, Cycling Action Plan for Scotland:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/cycling-action-plan-scotland-relaunch.

²²² National Walking Strategy:

www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2012/05/walkingstrategy17052012

²²³ Car Clubs in Scotland:
www.carplus.org.uk/our-work/car-clubs-in-scotland/

²²⁴ This excluding commuting which accounts for an further 20% of annual individual travel.

²²⁵ Fuel Efficient Driving:
www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Travel/Driving/Fuel-Efficient-Driver-training

²²⁶ Workplace Travel Planning:
www.chooseanotherway.com/

²²⁷ Choose Another Way:
www.chooseanotherway.com/index.php

²²⁸ Worksmart initiative:
www.flexibility.co.uk/cases/Aberdeenshire-Council-Worksmart.htm

²²⁹ Transport Scotland. Freight Grants:

www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/policy/freight/Freight-Grants

²³⁰ Transport Scotland: www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/policy/freight

²³¹ Scotland's Digital Future: A Strategy for Scotland:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/08/26141950/0

²³² Department for Transport. High Speed Rail:
http://highspeedrail.dft.gov.uk/

²³³Scottish Transport Emissions Partnership: www.scottishairquality.co.uk/documents/reports/4_Scottish_AQD_and_Website_Annual_Seminar_18_March_2013_STEP_Presentation.pdf

²³⁴ Mitigating Transport's Climate Change Impacts:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/08/26141950/0

²³⁵Committee on Climate Change. Fourth Carbon Budget:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/the-fourth-carbon-budget-reducing-emissions-through-the-2020s-2/

²³⁶ Allied Vehicles Ltd:
www.alliedelectric.co.uk

²³⁷ Axeon:
www.axeon.com

²³⁸ Alexander Dennis Ltd:
www.alexander-dennis.com/alexander-dennis-limited.php

²³⁹ Ferguson Group:
www.fergusongroup.co.uk/shipbuilding/profile.aspx

²⁴⁰ Transport Scotland:
www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/policy/freight/best-practice

²⁴¹Scottish Government, Zero Waste Plan:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/06/08092645/0

²⁴² Scottish Government, Safeguarding Scotland's Resources:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/waste-and-pollution/Waste-1/latest/ssrsea

²⁴³ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558

²⁴⁴ The Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2012:
www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2012/148/contents/made

²⁴⁵EEF: The Manufacturers' Organisation (2012) Executive Survey 2012.

²⁴⁶ Renewables Obligations:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Obligation-12-13

²⁴⁷ Zero Waste Scotland:
www.zerowastescotland.org.uk

²⁴⁸ Sustainable Development Commission. Energy from Waste Potential in Scotland, 2010:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/311011/0098129.pdf

²⁴⁹ Greener Scotland:
www.greenerscotland.org/

²⁵⁰ See subsection 6.6 for further detail on Resource Efficient Scotland.

²⁵¹ Zero Waste Scotland, Carbon Metric:
www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/carbonmetric

²⁵² WRAP: Meeting the UK Climate Challenge: The contribution of resource efficiency:
www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Final%20Report%20EVA128_SEI%20(1)%20JB%20SC%20JB3.pdf

²⁵³ The Scottish Government, Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture 2012, Table C2:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/06/6894/102

²⁵⁴ Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558

²⁵⁵ Once wetland management activities are incorporated into greenhouse gas emissions reporting.

²⁵⁶ Ibid

²⁵⁷The Scottish Government, Land Use Strategy:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/Countryside/Landusestrategy

²⁵⁸ SRUC, Farming For a Better Climate:
www.sruc.ac.uk/climatechange/farmingforabetterclimate/

²⁵⁹ ADAS, RMP/5142 Analysis of Policy Instruments forReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from

Agriculture, Forestry and Land Management:
http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/landmanage/climate/documents/climate-ag-instruments.pdf

²⁶⁰Soil Association, Futureproofing Scotland's Farming:
www.soilassociation.org/innovativefarming/futureproofingscotlandsfarming

²⁶¹ The Scottish Government: Agriculture and Climate Change: Evidence on Influencing Farmer Behaviours - Research Findings: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/10/8893

²⁶² The Scottish Government, Land Use Strategy:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/Countryside/Landusestrategy

²⁶³ Forestry Commission, Woodland Carbon Code:
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/INFD-863FFL

²⁶⁴ Committee on Climate Change, Bioenergy Review:
www.theccc.org.uk/publication/bioenergy-review

²⁶⁵ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Platform: www.ghgplatform.org.uk/Home.aspx

²⁶⁶ Forestry Commission Scotland, The right tree
in the right place : www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/fcfc129.pdf/$FILE/fcfc129.pdf

²⁶⁷ Forestry Commission, Biosecurity Strategy: www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/infd-8gykba

²⁶⁸ Forestry Commission Scotland, Woodland Expansion Advisory Group:
www.forestry.gov.uk/weag

²⁶⁹ European Science Foundation: European Nitrogen Assessment:
www.nine-esf.org/ENA

²⁷⁰ Forest Carbon:
www.forestcarbon.co.uk/

²⁷¹ Scotland's Rural College:
www.sruc.ac.uk/

²⁷² Forestry Commission:
www.forestry.gov.uk/website/carbonregistry.nsf/byprojectid

²⁷³ www.soilassociation.org/innovativefarming/futurefarminginscotland/futureproofingscotlandsfarming

²⁷⁴ www.soilassociation.org/innovativefarming/futurefarminginscotland/scotlandsfarminginnovationnetwork

²⁷⁵ The Scottish Government, Climate Change Delivery Board:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/EmissionReduction

²⁷⁶Scottish Government, Carbon Reduction Activity Reports:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/EmissionReduction/ActivityReports

²⁷⁷ Audit Scotland, Reducing Scotland's Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/central/2011/nr_111208_greenhouse_gases.pdf

²⁷⁸ The Scottish Government, Climate Change Delivery Board:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/EmissionReduction

²⁷⁹Committee on Climate Change, 1 ^st Scottish Progress Report:
http://downloads.theccc.org.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/1552_CCC_Scotland%20report.pdf

²⁸⁰ Committee on Climate Change, 2 ^nd Scottish Progress Report:
www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/1674_CCC_Scots-Report_bookmarked_2.pdf

²⁸¹ Scottish Parliament, Rural Affairs, Climate Change and Environment Committee Report on the Draft Second Report on Proposals and Policies ( SP Paper 289, RACCE/S4/13/R2):
www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/61495.aspx

²⁸² Scottish Parliament, Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee Report on the Draft Second Report on Proposals and Policies ( SP Paper 288, EET/S4/13/R4):
www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/61496.aspx

²⁸³ Scottish Parliament, Infrastructure and Capital Investment Committee Report on the Draft Second Report on Proposals and Policies ( SP Paper 291, ICI/S4/13/R3):
www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/61494.aspx

²⁸⁴ Scottish Parliament, Local Government and Regeneration Committee Report on the Draft Second Report on Proposals and Policies ( SP Paper 292, LGR/S4/13/R6):
www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/61493.aspx

²⁸⁵ The Scottish Government, RPP Parliamentary Consideration:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/meetingthetargets/parliamentaryconsideration

²⁸⁶ ibid

²⁸⁷ Scottish Government, SEA Environmental Report for RPP2:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/meetingthetargets/SEAEnvironmentalReport

²⁸⁸ The percentage change shown for the Business, Industry and Public Sector includes emissions from the traded sector as it has not been possible to split emissions into 'traded' and 'non-traded' prior to the start of the EU Emissions Trading System in 2005.

Technical Appendix

¹ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/rpp

² Scotland's targets use the level of emissions in 1990 (for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) and 1995 (for fluorine-based gases) as the baseline from which reductions are calculated.

³ http://theccc.org.uk/topics/uk-and-regions/scotland/beyond-2020

⁴ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2013/06/1558/downloads#res-1

⁵ http://naei.defra.gov.uk/index.php

⁶ http://naei.defra.gov.uk/reports/reports?report_id=756

⁷ Non-Traded sector estimate for Business, Industry and Public Sector post 2004 is based on 2011 EU ETS verified emissions.

⁸ 2011 Scottish data was not available at the time the analysis was undertaken. http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/climate_stats/gg_emissions/uk_emissions/uk_emissions.aspx

⁹ http://downloads.theccc.org.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/ScotlandLetter/STEPS%20update%20-%20final%20report%20-%20march%202011.pdf

¹⁰ http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/aviation/index_en.htm

¹¹ "Non-CO ₂ Greenhouse Gas Projections for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland", October 2009, http://www.naei.org.uk/reports.php

¹² The LULUCF sector is divided into six land use types for reporting of emissions/removals: 5A Forest Land, 5B Cropland, 5C Grassland, 5D Wetlands, 5E Settlements, 5F Other Land.

¹³ http://naei.defra.gov.uk/report_link.php?report_id=713

¹⁴ Emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are expressed as positive quantities, and removals of carbon dioxide as negative quantities. The net LULUCF emission is the balance of emissions and removals.

¹⁵ http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=17569

¹⁶ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0042/00424034.pdf (pages 6 and 7)

¹⁷ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/EGPS2012

¹⁸ http://www.theccc.org.uk/topics/uk-and-regions/scotland

¹⁹ http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultations/green_deal/green_deal.aspx

²⁰ This is where households install an energy efficiency measure without any policy inducement. For example boilers tend to have a life span of 8-10 years so it would be reasonable to expect households to replace their boilers after this period.

²¹ http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121217150421/www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/funding/funding_ops/cert/cert.aspx

²² http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/consultation/green-deal/5533-final-stage-impact-assessment-for-the-green-deal-a.pdf

http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/consultation/green-deal/3603-green-deal-eco-ia.pdf

²³ For further information, see http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/sustainable/standard

²⁴ Scottish Government, 2009, Modelling Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Scottish Housing: Final Report, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/10/08143041/0

²⁵ The DEMScot model along with relevant reports and manuals are available to download at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/supply-demand/chma/marketcontextmaterials

²⁶ Financial figures presented in 2011 prices unless otherwise stated.

²⁷ Ofgem, Household energy bills explained, (updated), Jan 2008 ( www.ofgem.gov.uk/Pages/MoreInformation.aspx?docid=73&refer=Media/FactSheets ).

²⁸ Figure 6.10, http://www.theccc.org.uk/reports/building-a-low-carbon-economy

²⁹ See "A Select Review of Literature on the Relationship between Housing and Health", available at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/supply-demand/chma/marketcontextmaterials under the Research category

³⁰ http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/consultation/smart-metering-imp-prog/4907-smart-meter-rollout-non-domestic-ia-resp.pdf

³¹ http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121205174605/http://decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/what%20we%20do/uk%20energy%20supply/energy%20mix/distributed%20energy%20heat/1467-potential-costs-district-heating-network.pdf

³² Costs for the RHI have not been included since insufficient detail is available to estimate these.

³³ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/917/0098823.pdf

³⁴ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/917/0098823.pdf

³⁵ http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/consultation/smart-metering-imp-prog/4907-smart-meter-rollout-non-domestic-ia-resp.pdf

³⁶ http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/meeting-energy-demand/renewable-energy/3775-renewable-heat-incentive-impact-assessment-dec-20.pdf

³⁷ http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/consultation/CRC/4758-ia-simp-crc-energy-efficiency-scheme.pdf

³⁸ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/217736/0092637.pdf

³⁹ Table 6, NCM Modelling Guide (Scotland) - http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/217736/0117285.pdf

⁴⁰ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/917/0098823.pdf

⁴¹ http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultations/green_deal/green_deal.aspx

⁴² http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/emissions/carbon_budgets/carbon_budgets.aspx

⁴³ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/12/3885

⁴⁴ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/08/15155233/0

⁴⁵ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/08/15155233/11

⁴⁶ Further recent work carried out on existing non-domestic buildings indicates that emission abatement could be greater than that shown in the table.

⁴⁷ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/08/26141950/0

⁴⁸ Own calculation for car fleet as a whole using total car emissions from NAEI and total car kilometres from Scottish Transport Statistics.

⁴⁹ Research work [by Element Energy - http://hmccc.s3.amazonaws.com/Element_Energy_-_EV_infrastructure_report_for_CCC_2009_final.pdf ] indicates that 96% of car trips and 73% of total car distance travelled are covered by individuals travelling less than 160 kilometres a day - the range of current batteries.

⁵⁰ The latest projections estimate there are 29 such towns in Scotland currently, although this is likely to change out to 2022.

⁵¹ http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol5.html

⁵² These emissions are not captured in the BAU profile.

⁵³ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/waste-and-pollution/Waste-1/wastestrategy

⁵⁴ Zero Waste Scotland/Eunomia Economic Assessment of the Zero Waste Plan For Scotland
http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/ZWPcostbenefit

⁵⁵ The Power of Scotland: Cutting Carbon with Scotland's Renewable Energy

⁵⁶ Does not include the change in environmental costs, or the effect of related measures enacted before the Zero Waste Plan came into effect.

⁵⁷ SAC is now known as Scotland's Rural College ( SRUC)

⁵⁸ Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services division

⁵⁹ SAC (2008) - UK Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for the Agriculture and Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sectors out to 2022, with Qualitative Analysis of Options to 2050. Report to the CCC: http://hmccc.s3.amazonaws.com/pdfs/SAC-CCC;%20UK%20MACC%20for%20ALULUCF;%20Final%20Report%202008-11.pdf

⁶⁰ SAC (2010) - Review and update of UK marginal abatement cost curves for agriculture. http://downloads.theccc.org.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/0610/pr_supporting_research_SAC_agriculture.pdf

⁶¹ For a list of members of expert group see Appendix A of ' SAC 2010 - Review and update of UK marginal abatement cost curves for agriculture'

⁶² Membership of the stakeholder group is representative of the various industry and environmental stakeholder bodies in Scotland.

⁶³ ADAS (2009) RMP/5142 Analysis of Policy Instruments for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Land Management. Report to DEFRA: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/landmanage/climate/documents/climate-ag-instruments.pdf

⁶⁴ Maximum technical potential refers to the level of abatement that would be achieved if all farmers who could technically implement a given measure did so fully.

⁶⁵ See http://www.sac.ac.uk/climatechange/farmingforabetterclimate/ for more details.

⁶⁶ '*' indicate measures targeted by both FFBC and proposed for inclusion in mandatory requirements.

⁶⁷ http://www.forestry.gov.uk/scotland