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Publication - Research and analysis

Self-harm strategy development: qualitative evidence

Published
18 March 2024
From
Director-General Health and Social Care
Directorate
Mental Health Directorate
Part of
Health and social care
ISBN
9781836010524

Supporting development of a self-harm strategy for Scotland, what does the qualitative evidence tell us?

View supporting documents Supporting documents

Appendix 2: Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) Quality assessment

Quality assessment of qualitative papers
Reference
Marzano et al. (2012) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Baker et al. (2013) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Chandler (2013) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Donskoy (2013) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Hunter et al. (2013) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Klineberg et al. (2013) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Chandler (2014) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Inckle (2014) Clear statement of research aims? No
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
McAndrew and Warne (2014) Clear statement of research aims? No
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Sutherland et al. (2014) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
McDermott et al. (2015) Clear statement of research aims? No
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? No
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Morris et al. (2015) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Chamberlen (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Dargan et al. (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Givissi (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Long et al. (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Marzano et al. (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Owens et al. (2016 Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Rayner and Warne (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Sambath (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Sambath (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Whalen (2016) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Jacob et al. (2017) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Johnson et al. (2017) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Wadman et al. (2017) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Biddle et al. (2018) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Boyce et al. (2018) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Edmonson et al. (2018) Clear statement of research aims? No
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Long (2018) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Mackenzie et al. (2018) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Wadman et al. (2018) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Wadman et al. (2018a) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Anderson and Clarke (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Bailey et al. (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Camm-Crosbie et al. (2010) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Chandler (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Griffiths et al. (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Harris (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Troya et al. (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Troya et al. (2019a) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Turrell (2019) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Ballantyne (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Higgins (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Lavis and Winter (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Lockwood et al. (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Owens et al. (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Steggals et al. (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Wadman et al. (2020) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Coronel (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Boyce (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Chandler et al. (2021 Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Guest et al. (2021 Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Miller et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Mughal et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
O’Brien et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Polling et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Quinlivan et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Richardson et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Rouski et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Walker et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Williams et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? No
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Woodley et al. (2021) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Aktar (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Brown et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Cully et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
John et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Marzetti et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Mason et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Quinlivan et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? No
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes
Sass et al. (2022) Clear statement of research aims? Yes
Is qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes
Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Yes
Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? Yes
Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Yes
Has relationship between researcher and participants been considered? Yes
Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Yes
Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes
Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes
Is the research valuable? Yes

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