Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) from Modern Apprenticeships: 2020/21: Scotland

Glossary

Modern Apprenticeship (MA): MAs provide individuals with the opportunity to secure industry-recognised qualifications at a range of qualification levels while in employment. MAs can be a new team member or an existing employee seeking to increase their capability. MAs also provide a way for businesses to train employees to industry-recognised standards.

Occupational Grouping: There are over 80 MA frameworks. Each framework is assigned to one of 17 Occupational Groupings. Historical frameworks included in this publication have been appropriately mapped to current Occupational Groupings for this release by SDS.

A list of occupational groupings is available on SDS's website.

Scottish Vocational Qualification (SVQ): Scottish Vocational Qualifications (SVQs) are work-based qualifications produced by experts from industry, commerce and education set to the national standards for their sector.

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF) on the SCQF website contains further information on how SVQs map across SQA qualifications and SCQF levels.
The Customer Information System (CIS): A computer system used by the Department for Work and Pensions that contains a record for all individuals that have been issued with a National Insurance (NINO) number. It contains basic identifying information such as name, address, date of birth and NINO.

Nominal earnings: Nominal earnings represent the cash amount an individual was paid. They are not adjusted for inflation (the general increase in the price of goods and services).

PAYE: HMRC's system to collect Income Tax and National Insurance from employment. The LEO project uses information from the P45 to ascertain employment spell length and from the P14 (P60) to determine annual earnings.

Self-assessment: Self-assessment data captures the activity of individuals with income that is not taxed through PAYE, such as income from self-employment, savings and investments, property rental, and shares.
Sustained annualised earnings: The calculated average daily wage across the tax year grossed up to the equivalent annual figure.

Tax year: Runs from 6 April to 5 April the following year. For example the 2020/21 tax year ran from 6 April 2020 to 5 April 2021.

Total earnings: The total of annualised PAYE earnings and raw self-assessed earnings.