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Scottish Economic Statistics 2002

Footnotes

1 The Way Forward: Framework for Economic Development in Scotland. ISBN: 0 7480 8984 5, Scottish Executive.
2 Handbook of National Accounting - Integrated Environment and Economic Accounting. Series: F, No.61. United Nations.
3 http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/citygrp/london.htm
4 http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/citygrp/index.html
5 United Kingdom National Accounts - The Blue Book, 2001. ISBN 0 1162 1470 8. Office for National Statistics
6 An estimated set of National Accounts for Scotland has been produce by academics: Gibson H, Riddington G, Whigham D and Whyte J (1997) Caledonian Blue Book 1997: National Accounts for Scotland 1951-1996. Glasgow Caledonian University
7 Input-Output Tables and Multipliers for Scotland 1998, ISBN: 1 84268 439 6, Scottish Executive. www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/docs/io98.pdf
8 http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/themes/environment/Articles/environmental-accounts.asp
9 McGregor, P.G., McNicoll, I.H., Swales, J.K. and Turner, K.R. (2001a) 'Who pollutes in Scotland? A prelude to an analysis of sustainability policies in a devolved context', Quarterly Economic Commentary, Vol.26, No.3, Fraser of Allander Institute, University of Strathclyde.
10 Hanley, N. Moffatt, I. Faichney, R. and Wilson, M. (1999) 'Measuring sustainability: a time series of indicators for Scotland', Ecological Economics, 28: 55-73.
11 Alexander, J.M. and McNicoll, I.H. (1995) 'Social accounting matrices - an extension of the Scottish 1989 Input-Output analysis', Scottish Economic Bulletin, No. 51.
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t was not possible to obtain GDP series for all I-O categories, and some were grouped together for analysis. Where 2 or 3 were grouped together, an overall tourism proportion for the combined groups was estimated by calculating a weighted average of the proportions according to output data in input-output tables.
13 Lakin, C. "The effects of taxes and benefits on household income, 1999-2000", in Economic Trends April 2001, Office for National Statistics.
14 The Gini Coefficient ranges from 0 to 1 whereby 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same level of income) and 1 represents perfect inequality (whereby one person holds all income).
15 Working Families Tax Credit, Minimum Income Guarantee, National Minimum Wage.
16 Economic growth where the long-run growth rate is determined by the workings of the system. In endogenous growth theory higher savings and investment,
or the devotion of more resources to research and development, can increase the rate of growth for an infinite period.
17 Defined by the European Union "in terms of the denial of civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights and reflects a relative view of living standards and opportunities."
18 The European recommendation is to provide a range of thresholds based on proportions of mean and median income, but 60% median has been agreed as the headline measure.
19 M. Forster (2000) "Trends and driving factors in income distribution and poverty in the OECD area", Labour Market and Social Policy - Occasional Papers No. 42, OECD.
20 Households Below Average Income, Department for Work and Pensions. Defined as household income below 60% median after housing costs.
21 M. Forster (2000) "Trends and driving factors in income distribution and poverty in the OECD area", Labour Market and Social Policy - Occasional Papers No. 42, OECD.
22 Refer to the Annex for a breakdown of the sources of information and the years to which the data relate.
23 Robert Wade "Global inequality: winners and losers", The Economist, 18th April 2001.
24 Gregg and Wadsworth (1996) "It takes two: employment polarisation in the OECD", Centre for Economic Performance, Discussion Paper
25 A. B. Atkinson (2001) "A Critique of the Transatlantic Consensus on Rising Income Inequality".
26 Gottschalk and Joyce's (1997) seven-country study shows that some countries with centralised bargaining in fact saw substantial increase in returns to skill, but these were offset by such factors as declining age premia or declining inequality within age or education groups.
27 Tom Clark and Jayne Taylor (1999) "Income Inequality: A tale of two cycles?", Fiscal Studies.
28 "Payments of income which are not a return for the provision of current factor services. They are not part of National Income as they merely represent a transfer of spending power from one lot of people to another", Oxford Dictionary of Economics.
29 Fiscal policy aims to influence the government's key target variables by manipulating government expenditure and taxes. One of the current UK Government's objectives is the promotion of a fair and efficient tax and benefit system, with incentives to work, save and invest.
30 Input-Output Tables and Multipliers for Scotland 1998, ISBN: 1 84268 439 6 www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/docs/io98.pdf
31 An enterprise becomes registered with the IDBR by registering for VAT or PAYE. However, since it is possible for a small enterprise to exist without VAT or PAYE registration, the registration date may not be the date the enterprise first started (though other sources suggest that very few firms that grow to a substantial size begin with no employees). Data used is for 1998, since a registration date is not available for 1997, and provisional data for September 2001.
32. http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/isd/index.htm

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