Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile: page 10


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Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile

Chapter 5: Income and Wealth

In 1975, the average gross weekly earnings of women were 60% of those of men, while by 1999, this had increased to 75%.
Men earn more than women in all occupational groups.
In 1999-00, 46% of households with a female highest income householder (HIH) of working age had a net annual household income of £10,000 or less, compared to only 20% of households with a male HIH of working age.
Households with a female HIH are more likely than those with a male HIH to have a higher proportion of their income made up of state benefits. 30% of households with a female HIH obtain at least 90% of their household income from state benefits, compared with 17% of households with a male HIH.
65% of recipients of income support were women in November 2000.
61% of families receiving Working Family Tax Credit in July 2000 were female lone parent families.
One quarter of unemployment claimants in August 2000 were female.
Households with a female HIH are less likely than those with a male HIH to have a bank account, savings and investments or home contents insurance.
Households with a female HIH of working age are more likely to worry about money either all the time or quite often than those with a male HIH of working age (39% and 31% respectively).

Table 5.1: Average hourly earnings of full-time employees by gender and occupation, 1999

£'s

	Hourly average earnings
Occupational Group	Males (£s)	Females (£s)	*f:m ratio*
Managers and administrators	14.99	10.84	0.72
Professional	15.16	13.80	0.91
Associate professional and technical	12.87	10.06	0.78
Clerical and secretarial	7.26	6.73	0.93
Craft and related	8.47	5.94	0.70
Personal and protective service	8.34	5.90	0.71
Sales	8.02	5.80	0.72
Plant and machine	7.28	5.82	0.80
Other occupations	6.27	4.86	0.78
All occupations	9.82	8.06	*0.82*

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 5.2: Average gross weekly earnings by gender, Scotland and GB, 1975-2000

Year	Scotland			GB
Year	Males (£s)	Females (£s)	*f:m ratio*	Males (£s)	Females (£s)	*f:m ratio*
1975	60.3	35.9	0.60	60.8	37.4	0.62
1976	71.6	44.6	0.62	71.8	46.2	0.64
1977	78.3	48.9	0.62	78.6	51.0	0.65
1978	88.5	54.6	0.62	89.1	56.4	0.63
1979	101.2	60.4	0.60	101.4	63.0	0.62
1980	123.1	74.7	0.61	124.5	78.8	0.63
1981	140.0	87.1	0.62	140.5	91.4	0.65
1982	154.5	95.0	0.61	154.5	99.0	0.64
1983	167.5	104.0	0.62	167.5	108.8	0.65
1984	178.7	111.1	0.62	178.8	117.2	0.66
1985	189.7	119.1	0.63	192.4	126.4	0.66
1986	201.3	129.8	0.64	207.5	137.2	0.66
1987	214.6	139.9	0.65	224.0	148.1	0.66
1988	233.3	152.2	0.65	245.8	164.2	0.67
1989	251.2	169.6	0.68	269.5	182.3	0.68
1990	276.4	187.2	0.68	295.6	201.5	0.68
1991	299.5	206.5	0.69	318.9	222.4	0.70
1992	324.6	221.9	0.68	340.1	241.1	0.71
1993	333.0	237.4	0.71	353.5	252.6	0.71
1994	335.6	244.1	0.73	362.1	261.5	0.72
1995	350.7	254.2	0.72	374.6	269.8	0.72
1996	363.6	262.0	0.72	391.6	283.0	0.72
1997	378.0	272.4	0.72	408.7	297.2	0.73
1998	394.6	276.7	0.70	427.1	309.6	0.72
1999	406.0	297.7	0.73	442.4	326.5	0.74
2000	423.0	316.0	0.75	453.3	337.6	0.74

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 5.3: Average weekly earnings of full-time employees by gender and occupation, 1999

	Weekly average earnings
Occupation	Males (£s)	Females (£s)	f:m ratio
Managers and administrators	584.2	409.6	0.70
Professional	550.7	447.5	0.81
Associate professional and technical	495.2	375.4	0.76
Clerical and secretarial	287.1	250.3	0.87
Craft and related	364.1	234.5	0.64
Personal and protective service	355.1	226.2	0.64
Sales	322.8	215.5	0.67
Plant and machine	331.3	233.2	0.70
Other occupations	278.8	185.5	0.67
All occupations	406.0	297.7	*0.73*

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 5.4: Net annual household income by gender of highest income householder

Column percentages

	All households			Households with HIH of working age
Income	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Less than £6,000	10	23	15	7	14	9
£6,001 to £10,000	19	35	25	13	32	19
£10,001 to £15,000	26	24	25	26	30	27
£15,001 to £20,000	20	10	16	24	13	20
Over £20,000	25	8	18	29	12	24
Base	9,101	5,253	14,354	7,185	3,190	10,375

Source: Scottish Household Survey 1999

Table 5.5: Benefit dependency¹ (excluding Child Benefit) by gender of highest income householder

Column percentages

Level of Dependency¹	Male	Female	Total
Independent (0-9.9%)	60	33	49
Low (10 - 49%)	13	15	13
Medium (50 - 89%)	10	22	15
High (90% +)	17	30	23
Base	9,101	5,253	14,354

Source: Scottish Household Survey (1999
¹ "Level of dependency" is measured by the percentage of household income that comes from state benefits

Table 5.6: Recipients of Working Family Tax Credit WFTC), July 2000

Column percentages

Recipients	No. receiving WFTC (000s)	% receiving WFTC
Couples	40.4	37
with main earner female	10.2	9
with main earner male	30.2	28
Lone parents	67.9	63
female lone parents	65.7	61
male lone parents	2.2	2
All families receiving Working Family Tax Credit
	108.3	100

Source: Inland Revenue WFTC Quarterly Enquiry, August 2000, 5% scan.

Table 5.7: Recipients of key benefits by gender, Scotland, 2000
Thousands

Recipients by type of benefit	Men (thousands)	Women (thousands)	Women as % Total
All Jobseeker's Allowance claimants	91	29.8	*24.7*
All recipients of Income Support	141.6	267.7	*65.4*
Of which:
Aged 60 and over²	52.8	119.3	*69.3*
Disabled³	62	57.7	*48.2*
Lone parent⁴	4.7	77.1	*94.3*
Other	22.1	13.6	*38.1*
Disability Benefits:
Severe Disablement Allowance	17.9	25	*58.3*
Attendance Allowance	36.6	92.1	*71.5*
Disability Living Allowance	118.8	121.7	*50.6*
Disabled Person's Tax Credit	1.2	1.1	*48.1*

Sources:
JSA: Jobseeker's Allowance Quarterly Statistical Enquiry, August 2000
Income Support: Income Support Statistics Quarterly Enquiry (5% sample),November 2000
Disability Allowances: Benefit computer system, DSS Information Centre, 31^stAugust 2000 a
Disabled persons Tax Credit: Inland Revenue (WFTC Quarterly Enquiry, July 2000)
Note: Numbers are based on a 5% sample and are therefore subject to a degree of sampling error.
¹ Jobseeker's Allowance figures include claimants receiving Income-Based or Contibution Based Jobseeker's Allowace, and those receiving no benefit but signing for National Insurance Credits Only.
² Pensioners are defined as where the claimant, and /or partner are aged 60 or over.
³ Disabled are defined as claimants with the disability premium.
⁴ Lone Parents are defined as single claimants with dependants not receiving the disability or pensioner premium

Table 5.8: Possession of financial products by gender of highest income householder

Percentages

	All households by sex of HIH			Households with HIH of working age by sex of HIH
Financial Product	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Bank Account	89	81	86	90	81	87
Savings and Investments	58	46	54	58	41	52
Home Contents Insurance	85	76	81	84	71	80
Base	13,871	8,068	21,939	10,948	4,948	15,896

Source: Scottish Household Survey (1999 and first six months of 2000)

Table 5.9: Frequency of worrying about money by gender of highest income householder

Column percentages

Frequency	Male	Female	Total
Almost all the time	11	17	13
Quite often	20	22	20
Only sometimes	39	38	39
Never	27	19	24
Don't know/refused	1	5	4
Base	10,938	4,945	15,883

Source: Scottish Household Survey (1999 and first six months of 2000)

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Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile

Chapter 5: Income and Wealth

Making It Work Together