Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile: page 8


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Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile

Chapter 4: Labour Market

In Spring 2000, 75% of men were in employment compared to 68% of women. However, this difference has decreased considerably over the last 30 years. For example, in 1960 97% of men were in employment compared to 45% of women.
For all ages, unemployment rates are higher for men than women, and this gender difference is particularly marked for those aged over 45. However, economic activity rates are also higher for men than women across all age groups. For example, in Spring 2000, 83% of men of working age were economically active compared to 73% of women.
Women whose youngest child is aged under 5 are less likely to be economically active than women with no children or those with older children. The overall rise in women's economic activity rates in recent years reflects increases in the rates for women whose youngest child was aged under five, which have risen from 53% in 1993 to 64% in 2000, while those for other women changed very little.
Employment rates for lone parents are lower than for parents in couples. In Spring 2000, 48% of female lone parents respectively were employed, compared to 74% of female parents in couples. (Data amended 14 May 2001)
Analysis of employment rates for 1998-99, showed that 32% of women from ethnic minorities were in employment compared to 68% of white women (no table).
In Spring 2000, 18% of unemployed men have been unemployed for more than 3 years, compared to less than 5% of unemployed women (exact figure is not available due to sample size).
In Spring 2000, 14% of men of working age were employed as managers or administrators, compared to 9% of women. 6% of men of working age were employed as clerical or secretarial workers compared to 22% of women.
In Spring 2000, nearly half of the workforce were women. However, while 91% of employed men worked full-time, only 55% of employed women worked full-time.
In Spring 2000, 67% of male employees worked over 36 hours per week compared to 33% of female employees.
In 1999, 24% of female full-time employees are employed on a flexible time working pattern compared to 16% of male employees.
In 2000, only one quarter of Chairs of Public Bodies in Scotland were female.

Economic Activity

Table 4.1: Economic activity of people of working age: by gender, Spring 2000

Thousands and percentages

Category	Male		Female		All
Category	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
All economically active	1,356	82.9	1,106	72.5	2,461	77.9
In employment	1,232	75.3	1,040	68.2	2,272	71.9
Full-time	1,136	69.5	589	38.7	1,726	54.6
Part-time	96	5.8	450	29.5	546	17.3
ILO Unemployed	124	7.6	66	4.3	190	6.0
Inactive	280	17.1	419	27.5	698	22.1
Total	1,635	*100*	1,524	*100*	3,160	*100*

Source: Office for National Statistics, Labour Force Survey

Chart 4.2: Economic activity rates by age of youngest dependent child: Scotland, 1993-2000⁽¹⁾

Source: Labour Force Survey, Office for National Statistics
1. Figures for Spring each year

Table 4.3: Economic activity of working age people by gender according to different definitions of disability: Scotland 1999

Disability status and sex	Economic activity rate (%)	Employment rate (%)	ILO Unemployment rate (%)	All Persons of working age (thousands)	Base numbers
All long-term disabled¹
All	53.6	47.4	11.7	779	3,165
Men	55.5	48.0	13.6	419	1,665
Women	51.4	46.7	9.2	359	1,500
Work-limiting disabled²
All	36.5	29.4	19.6	504	2,056
Men	37.6	29.2	22.4	274	1,094
Women	35.3	29.6	16.0	230	962
DDA current disabled³
All	37.5	31.9	14.9	484	1,981
Men	36.9	30.8	16.5	256	1,025
Women	38.1	33.1	13.1	229	956
Not long-term disabled
All	84.8	79.3	6.5	2,311	9,061
Men	90.3	83.9	7.2	1,181	4,356
Women	79.0	74.6	5.6	1,130	4,705

Source: Labour Force Survey: Spring to Winter 1999
¹Long-term disabled people answered yes to "Do you have any health problems or disabilities that you expect will last for more than a year?"
²Work-limiting disabled people are people who have a long-term disability which affects the kind or amount of paid work they might do.
³DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) current disabled people are people who have a long-term disability which substantially limits their day-to-day activities.

Employment

Chart 4.4 Employment rate by gender, Scotland 1960-1999¹

Chart 4.4

Source: Office for National Statistics
¹ June each year.

Table 4.5: Employment and unemployment rates for parents in Scotland, 2000

	Males			Females
	All parents	In couples	Lone parent	All parents	In couples	Lone Parent
Work status
Employment rate (%)	88	89	..	67	74	48
Unemployment rate (%)	6	5	..	7	3	19
Total number of parents	517,000	502,000	15,000	622,000	464,000	158,000

Data amended 14 May 2001

Note: Cells shown as .. Contain estimates referring to less than 10,000 individuals- too unreliable to show

Source: Labour Force Survey, Office for National Statistics

Chart 4.6: Unemployment rates by age and sex, Spring 2000

Chart 4.6

Source: Labour Force Survey, Spring 2000

Table 4.7: Duration of Unemployment by Gender, Spring 2000

Numbers and column percentages

Duration of Unemployment	Male	Female	Male	Female
< 3 months	43,000	31,000	35	47
3 - 6 months	23,000	..	19	..
6 - 12 months	13,000	12,000	10	18
1 - 2 years	17,000	10,000	14	15
2 - 3 years	..	..	..	..
> 3 years	22,000	..	18	..
Total	124,000	66,000	*100*	*100*

Source: Labour Force Survey, Spring 2000
¹Womenaged 16 to 59, Men aged 16 to 64

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Men and Women in Scotland: A Statistical Profile

Chapter 4: Labour Market

Economic Activity

Employment

Making It Work Together