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1.0 Introduction
1.0.1 Aims
1.0.2 Latest changes
1.0.3 Alternative approaches
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Guidance 1.0
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1.0.1 Aims
The intention of this section is to ensure that the structure of a building
is safe. The safety of a structure depends on several factors and the
following criteria is relevant in all cases:
- the nature of the ground;
- loading;
- materials;
- structural analysis;
- details of construction;
- safety factors.
Loads used in structural calculations should take account of possible
dynamic, concentrated and the peak load effects that may occur.
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Fitness and durability
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Fitness and durability of materials and workmanship is covered by the
Regulation 8 of the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 2004 and
the associated guidance is contained in Section 0.
1.0.2 Latest changes
It was the intention that this section would be a straight transcription
of the previous Part C of the Technical Standards, however, in some cases,
the guidance has been updated.
The following is a summary of the guidance that has been updated since
the 6th Amendment to the Technical Standards came into force
on 4 March 2002.
1.0.3 Reference to safety at sports grounds updated and structural
guidance referred to for temporary demountable structures
1.0.4 Reference to Structural Eurocodes updated
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Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 and Fire Safety and Safety of Places
of Sport Act 1987
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1.0.3 Relevant legislation
When designing or verifying sports grounds, reference should be made
to the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (Fourth Edition 1997). The guide
has no statutory force but many of its recommendations will be given force
of law at individual grounds by their inclusion in safety certificates
issued under the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 or the Fire Safety
and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987.
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Guide to Safety at Sports grounds (Fourth Edition 1997)
Dynamic performance and testing of grandstands
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Chapter 4 and 14 of the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (Fourth Edition
1997) provides guidance on permanent and temporary structures at sports
grounds and makes recommendations for designers to follow including minimising
the risk of disproportionate collapse and designing stadia on the basis
of risk assessments having regard to the likely hazards. For example,
if the stadium is intended to be used as a venue for pop concerts. Guidance
on the ‘Dynamic performance requirements for permanent grandstands
subject to crowd action’ November 2001 and Dynamic testing of grandstands
and seating decks, June 2002 has been published by the Institution of
structural engineers as a supplement to the fourth edition of the Guide
to safety at Sports Grounds.
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Section 89 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982
Temporary demountable structures
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Section 89 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 requires that
no person shall use or permit the use of a raised structure for seating
or standing accommodation unless such use has been approved by the local
authority. Certain raised structures are exempt from this including any
structure that has been granted a building warrant. The Institution
of Structural Engineers has published guidance on the ‘Procurement,
design and use of Temporary demountable structures’ (Second Edition
1999) such as grandstands, marquees and stage structures. Towers and masts
to support media facilities are also included. The guidance is intended
to assist event organisers, venue owners, local authorities, contractors
and suppliers of demountable structures and for competent persons who
are responsible for their design.
1.0.4 Alternative approaches
Where alternative approaches to the structural design are proposed other
than using the guidance contained in this section, the structural design
should take account of all of the factors identified in clause 1.0.1 above.
For example, care should be taken where alternative numerical values are
placed on factors of safety as this may have a detrimental affect on the
overall stability of the structure.
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Structural Eurocodes
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As part of the European Union’s desire to remove technical barriers
to trade, a series of European Codes of Practice in the field of civil
and structural engineering is being published by CEN, the Standards body
for Europe. Like other harmonised European standards, each member of the
European Union can set their own "nationally determined parameters". This
means that the use of Structural Eurocodes within the United Kingdom should
only be considered as an alternative to the traditional British Standards
where the "National Annex" which contains these parameters, has been agreed
and published.
There will be a period of transition during which time Structural Eurocodes
and national codes (e.g. British Standards) should be considered equally
acceptable. This period of co-existence should last not more than 5 years
from the date the last package of standards (i.e. concrete. steel, timber,
masonry etc) is made available from CEN to the British Standards Institution.
This is known as " the date of availability" and on expiry of the 5 year
period from this date, it is expected that the existing national standards
will be withdrawn.
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www.safety.odpm.
gov.uk/bregs/
eurocodes/pdf/
eurocode.pdf
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For more detailed guidance on the use of Eurocodes, see ‘Implementation
of Structural Eurocodes in the UK‘ (February 2003) produced by the
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister on behalf of the United Kingdom.
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