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"Outside our window here at Firth School we look out onto a broad bay. In the morning I say hello to our local heron, and there's an otter across the way. Seaweeds, seals, minibeasts and birds of every description abound. Of course biodiversity is important to us, not just on an aesthetic level, but also, as a school, our environment is a constant source of interest as an object of study. Some of our projects, such as the building of a wind generator, the beach tidy and the planting of our "millennium forest" of 2000 trees were reported in Rachel Bain's Orkney Bioschool's newsletter. Rachel has been a good friend to the school. She was interviewed for a video we made about our conservation projects, a video which helped us to win the Engineering Our Future competition at Edinburgh last year (and a trip to the Dome this year). She also obtained a set of laminated information cards about bird species, which are on display in our school bird hide. All children need to learn that the preservation of the environment and its biodiversity are vital concerns for the future of the planet, not as an abstract concept, but as something which impacts directly on their lives. Here, beside the beautiful Bay of Firth, we are very lucky. We hope to stay that way." John Moar, Headteacher, Firth School, Orkney |
Formal education gives opportunities to convey biodiversity messages and encourage general awareness and involvement. Biodiversity is already part of the school curriculum, though not always under that name: it features in primary school science and in biology and geography at secondary school level. Environmental education is well-established on the education landscape, particularly in primary schools, and biodiversity has always featured in it, though not by name. Biodiversity, and schools, can gain much by bringing these diverse strands under one heading.
But its implications extend far beyond the confines of the biology and geography syllabuses. The Scottish Biodiversity Group (SBG) is therefore eager to see biodiversity being taught 'out of its box', in other sections of the curriculum. To support this, the SBG has produced a pack entitled Tapestry of Life, to help teachers use biodiversity in the teaching of English in secondary schools. There are many other areas where biodiversity is relevant, from science to art and from citizenship to history - for example, Julius Caesar was reputed to have come to Britain in search of freshwater pearl mussels!
Schools can engage with biodiversity in less formal ways. The most popular avenue for generating interest in young people has been practical activities based on biodiversity, like habitat management or species monitoring. An additional benefit of many of these projects is that they lead to opportunities for involving the whole community. Biodiversity is being integrated increasingly into improvements in school grounds; using the ground to highlight the species and habitats of the locality is a valuable first step in painting the wider picture for pupils.
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BIODIVERSITY IN THE CLASSROOM: ORKNEY 'BIOSCHOOLS' |
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Another problem which surfaced, was the inadequacy of available keys for identifying plants and animals. Many keys had a southern bias unsuitable for Orkney's biodiversity. Long term it is hoped that Orkney-based keys will be produced for schools, if funding can be found. As part of the initiative, the first inter-schools biodiversity newsletter, Bioschools, was produced. This is an excellent way for children to share biodiversity news: projects they have been doing in school, wildlife experiences they have had in Orkney and on holiday, and news about local events. An issue is planned each term, with a different school providing the main articles. The first issue was produced with the help of Firth Primary School and was a great success. It can be viewed at www.bioschools.freeuk.com. |
The challenge facing those in education is how to take biodiversity beyond these first steps, and translate them into messages about how our lifestyle and actions fundamentally affect global biodiversity. It is difficult to convey such a large-scale concept in a meaningful way. To date, most efforts have been in taking this message to schools, but it is also vital to integrate biodiversity into wider educational packages offered in further education colleges and universities. Here are some examples of such first steps in putting biodiversity centre-stage in formal education.
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BIODIVERSITY IN THE CLASSROOM: OTHER INITIATIVES |
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In North Lanarkshire, the Education Department participates in an environmental awareness group set up by the LBAP partnership. This group works with the Environmental Education Officer who provides the direct link to schools and in-house training for teachers. One of its first initiatives has been to set up a system for the 'adoption' of woods within 500 metres of North Lanarkshire schools (especially Eco-schools). Teachers and pupils will be encouraged to view their wood in a social and environmental context. The Falkirk LBAP partnership hope to produce a guide for Falkirk schools on improving their grounds for biodiversity. It is hoped that Falkirk Council Landscape Design section with the help of their Education Department. The guides success will rest on the availability of practical support, guidance, funding and sustained involvement of the schools involved. |
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POSTCARDS AND CITIZEN'S GUIDES: BIODIVERSITY IN EAST LOTHIAN |
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East Lothian Biodiversity is a relatively recent initiative. Increasing public awareness of biodiversity has been one of its priorities. A number of exhibitions were held at events including the Haddington Agricultural Show, local flower shows, and galas and at the Scottish Seabird Centre in North Berwick. A series of postcards have been produced which relate to habitats such as the coast, woodland and farmland, and picture both well known and less common plants and animals of East Lothian. They also hold facts about plants and animals pictured: for example, how a sea slug defends itself, or how thousands of animals live in an area of estuarine mud no bigger than a page of this booklet. Images were chosen to promote discussion on land use, food chains, environmental issues and evolution. The postcards combine with a map of major habitats and land use in East Lothian, to form material suitable for primary and secondary schools. As the project goes into its second year, a Citizen's Guide to Biodiversity in East Lothian is planned, supported by a website, describing central issues of biodiversity, outlining future work and how the public can help, which will be supported by a website. |
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GROUNDS FOR AWARENESS; BIODIVERSITY EDUCATION IN EDINBURGH |
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For the last 5 years, Scottish Natural Heritage has made available small grants for improvements in the nature conservation value of school grounds. In Edinburgh, a School Grounds for Awareness Group was set up, to act as a forum for the exchange of ideas between different school contacts and those involved in environmental education in the wider community. For example at Currie High School, a wooded valley adjacent to the school has been transformed from a wasteland used for dumping rubbish, into a well-managed woodland with a network of paths for public access. A wildflower meadow and wetland area have also been created. These areas are now cared for by school pupils on a voluntary basis after school, and the sense of ownership and pride in "their" wood extends into the local community. These practical actions are helping to raise awareness of biodiversity issues in schools and the wider community, as well as fulfilling actions in the woodland habitat and plant species action plans. |
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