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Capercallie: A Review of Research Needs
Table 1 - Contents of capercaillie crops from
two studies in north-east Scotland. Items other than conifers and dwarf shrubs
are excluded
|
Plant species
|
1965-66 (Zwickel, 1966)
|
1977-80 (Jones, 1982)
|
|
Conifers
|
|
Scots pine
|
90.0
|
69.2 (M2)
63.1 (F3)
|
|
Sitka spruce
|
T1
|
2.4 (M)
39.1 (F)
|
|
Norway spruce
|
T
|
T
|
|
Douglas fir
|
3.0
|
0
|
|
Dwarf shrubs
|
|
Blaeberry
|
T
|
12.5 (M)
3.2 (F)
|
|
Cow berry
|
T
|
T
|
|
Heather
|
T
|
9.6 (M)
13.7 (F)
|
|
Erica spp.
|
0
|
T
|
|
Crow berry
|
0
|
T
|
1trace.
2male. 3female
Table 2 - Some densities of capercaillie (both
sexes) from autumn/winter counts in Scotland
|
Year
|
Locality
|
Habitat
|
Mean density
(birds per 100 ha)
|
Source
|
|
1965/66
|
Black Wood of Rannoch
|
Native pinewood
|
14-20
|
(Johnstone & Zwickel, 1966) |
|
1975/76
|
Glen Tanar
|
Native pinewood
|
10.1-11.0
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1975/76
|
Kinveachy
|
Native pinewood
|
16.9-17.8
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1976/77
|
Kinveachy
|
Native pinewood
|
23.3-36.2
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1976/77
|
Black Wood of Rannoch
|
Native pinewood
|
28.1-31.5
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1976/77
|
Abernethy
|
Native pinewood
|
13.6-24.0
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1976/77
|
Monaughty
|
Pine plantation
|
9.0-17.5
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1976/77
|
Culbin
|
Pine plantation
|
1.4-8.3
|
(Moss et al., 1979) |
|
1975-83
|
Glen Tanar
|
Native pinewood
|
11-23
|
(Moss & Oswald, 1985) |
|
1975-85
|
Kinveachy
|
Native pinewood
|
6-34
|
(Moss & Weir, 1987) |
|
1992-94
|
Scotland
|
Native pinewood
|
2.67-5.0
|
(Catt et al., 1998) |
|
1992-94
|
Scotland
|
Other woodland
|
0.39-0.94
|
(Catt et al., 1998) |
|
1998-99
|
Scotland
|
Native pinewood
|
1.69
|
(Wilkinson et al., 1999) |
|
1998-99
|
Scotland
|
Other woodland
|
0.43
|
(Wilkinson et al., 1999) |
Table 3 - Criteria to evaluate re-establishment
proposals (IUCN, 1987)
- There should be good historical evidence
of former natural occurrence
- There should be clear understanding
of why the species was lost to the area. In general, only those lost
through human agency and unlikely to recolonise naturally should be
regarded as suitable candidates
- The factors causing extinction should
have been rectified
- There should be suitable habitats of
sufficient extent to which the species can be re-established
- The individual taken for re-establishment
should be from a population as close as possible to that of the native
population
- The loss should not prejudice the survival
of the population from which they were taken
|
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