Cycling by Design: page 9


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Cycling by Design

6. Junctions & Crossings

Introduction

6.1 Ensuring that junctions and crossings receive the most appropriate level of treatment is a key aspect of providing a cycle network which is safe, convenient and attractive to use. Chapter 6 provides typical layouts which may be used to complement the network hierarchy introduced in Chapter 3. The range of treatments have been rationalised into five groups as follows:

Cycle Priority Crossings;

Give Way Crossings;

Signal Controlled Crossings;

Grade Separation, and

Roundabouts.

6.2 No distinction has been made within Cycling by Design between the treatment of road and junction crossings for cyclists as the movements made by cyclists at road crossings are similar to those made at junctions and vice-versa.

Crossing and Junction Selection

6.3 Selecting the most appropriate form of crossing facility for a particular location requires careful assessment. The needs of the cyclist in terms of safety, comfort and convenience should be incorporated into the design without a detrimental impact on other road users. The following assumptions have been made when developing the junction and crossing guidelines presented:-

Layouts that place the cyclist outwith the driver’s normal field of vision are likely to be hazardous to the cyclist and have therefore been avoided.

Layouts that place the cyclist in front of and reasonably close to the driver have in practice tended to be safer for the cyclist and are therefore recommended.

Complex arrangements have been avoided if they require a high degree of compliance or understanding by both drivers and cyclists.

Assessment Procedures:

6.4 The selection of the most appropriate facility will depend on the interaction and resolution of a variety of site specific factors, with the safety of all users being of paramount importance. The first step should therefore be to identify the site-specific features associated with the area under review. It is recommended that this may be achieved by using an assessment method based on the Local Transport Note 1/95 : The Assessment of Pedestrian Crossings. (This has been adapted by Sustrans and is reproduced overleaf).

6.5 The assessment method uses a framework approach to encourage informed decisions to be made as to whether a crossing facility is necessary and if so, which type should be used.

6.6 A Site Assessment Record Sheet format (Refer to Table 6.1) should be used to collate site information which may then be input into an Assessment Framework presented in two parts as follows:-

Site Assessment, and

Option Assessment.

Table 6.1: Crossing Site Assessment Record Sheet

CROSSING SITE ASSESSMENT RECORD SHEET
Site Characteristics
1.1	Site Location	Description (Attach annotated sketch)
		Ordnance Survey Grid Reference
1.2	Carriageway Type	Single	Double
		One-way	Two-way
		Number of lanes
		Cycle lanes/tracks
		Gradients
1.3	Carriageway Width		metres

1.4	Cycle Lane/Track Width	Side 1	metres
		Side 2	metres
1.5	Footway Width	Side 1	metres
		Side 2	metres
1.6	Refuge Island		Yes No
	Width		metres
1.7	Road Lighting Standard
	BS5489 classification		Category
	Is the existing lighting in accordance with BS 5489?		Yes No
	Any rearrangement necessary?		Yes No
	Better lighting standard needed?		Yes No
	Supplementary lighting needed?		Yes No
1.8	Minimum Visibility
	Cyclist/pedestrian to approaching vehicles	Direction 1	metres
		Direction 2	metres
	Vehicle to proposed site crossing	Direction 1	metres
		Direction 2	metres
1.9	Waiting/Loading/Stopping Restrictions
	At prospective site		Yes No
	Within 50m of the site		Yes No

1.10	Public Transport Stopping Points
	At prospective site		Yes No
	Within 50m of the site		Yes No
	Relationship to crossing
	[in direction of travel]	Direction 1	approach/exit
		Direction 2	approach/exit

Table 6.1: Crossing Site Assessment Record Sheet (continued)

CROSSING SITE ASSESSMENT RECORD SHEET (CONTINUED)
Site Characteristics (Continued)
1.11	Nearby Junctions
	Distance to nearest significant	Direction 1	metres
	traffic junction	Direction 2	metres
1.12	Other Cyclist/Pedestrian Crossings
	Distance to next crossing	Direction 1	metres
		Direction 2	metres
	Type of crossing	Zebra/Pelican/Puffin/Toucan/Other
1.13	School Crossing Patrol
	Distance if less than 100m		metres
1.14	Skid Risk
	Does surface meet skid resistance requirements		Yes No
1.15	Surroundings (Entrances within 100m)
	Hospital/sheltered housing/workshop for disabled people		Yes No
	Primary School		Yes No
	Secondary School		Yes No
	Post Office		Yes No
	Railway/Bus Station		Yes No
	Pedestrian leisure/shopping area		Yes No
	Sports stadia/entertainment venue		Yes No
	Junction with cycle route		Yes No
	Equestrian centre or junction bridle path		Yes No
	Others (for example a Fire Station)
Crossing Traffic Information
2.1	Flow and Composition
	Crossing cyclists		number per ...... hours
	Unaccompanied young cyclists		%
	Pedestrian count		number per ...... hours
	Prams/pushchairs		%
	Elderly		%
	Unaccompanied young children		%
	Severe mobility difficulties		number per day
	Visually impaired		number per day
	Equestrians		number per day
	Others		number per day
	General Purpose of Crossing

Table 6.1: Crossing Site Assessment Record Sheet (continued)

CROSSING SITE ASSESSMENT RECORD SHEET (CONTINUED)
Crossing Traffic Information (Continued)
2.2	Time to Cross The Road (Measured Sample)
	Able pedestrians/dismounted cyclists	seconds
	Mounted cyclists	seconds
	Elderly or disable people
2.3	Difficulty Crossing
	Able pedestrians/dismounted cyclists
	Mounted cyclists
	Elderly or disable persons
2.4	Latent Crossing Demand
	Estimate for cyclists	number per ...... hours
	Estimate for pedestrians	number per ...... hours
Traffic Information on Carriageway/Footway
3.1	Flow and Composition on Carriageway to be crossed
	Motor vehicle count	number per ...... hours
	Cyclists	number per ...... hours
	Heavy goods vehicles	%
	Public services vehicles	number per ...... hours
3.2	Vehicle Speeds
	85^th percentile	kph
	Cyclists	kph
3.3	Level of Use of Footways
	Pedestrians	number per ...... hours
	Cyclists	number per ...... hours
3.4	Traffic Delays (Measured)
	Existing delay to traffic if any	seconds
	Purpose of Road
Road Accidents
4.1	Mean Personal Injury (PI) Accident Frequency
	Number per year at site (over 5 years if available)	PI accidents/year
	Number per year at an average local site (over 5 years if available)	PI accidents/year

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