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F1.1 This Part sets out the required standards for Regulations 14 and 15.
F1.2 The standards apply to all buildings in respect of their -
a. combustion appliance installations; and
b. oil storage systems where the tank capacity is more than 90 litres; and
c. liquefied petroleum gas storage installations where the tank or cylinder capacity is more than 150 litres water equivalent.
F2.1* A large combustion appliance installation (solid fuel with an output rating more than 50 kW and oil-fired and gas-fired, with a net input rating more than 70 kW) must be suitably constructed and installed so that -
a. it operates safely; and
b. its operation does not cause damage by heat or fire to the building in which it is installed; and
c. the products of combustion do not cause a risk to health; and
d. it receives sufficient air for its safe operation; and
e. any associated chimney or flue-pipe will prevent, as far as is reasonably practicable, the escape of smoke, grit, dust or gases into any building.
INSTALLATIONS
F3.1* A small combustion appliance installation (solid fuel with an output rating not more than 50 kW and oil-fired and gas-fired, with a net input rating not more than 70 kW) must be suitably constructed and installed so that it operates safely.
F3.2 Where a combustion appliance installation is intended to operate with more than one type of fuel, each component must be constructed and installed to meet the most onerous requirement for the relevant fuels.
REMOVAL OF PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
F3.3 A combustion appliance must be connected to a chimney or flue-pipe that discharges to the external air, except -
where the combustion appliance is designed to operate without discharging the products of combustion to the outside air.
F3.4* A flue terminal not more than 2m above ground level, or where people are likely to come into contact with it, must be -
a. designed so as to resist the entry of any matter that may restrict the flue; and
b. protected by a suitable terminal guard.
PROTECTION FROM PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
F3.5* A chimney must be -
a. suitably constructed of a masonry material with a flue liner; or
b. suitably constructed of prefabricated block components; or
c. a factory-made chimney.
F3.6* A factory-made chimney must be suitable for its purpose.
F3.7* A factory-made chimney must be suitably installed and must not -
a. pass through a compartment wall, compartment floor, separating wall or separating floor,
except -
i. where the chimney is non-combustible and has at least half the fire resistance required for the compartment wall, compartment floor, separating wall or separating floor, or
ii. where the chimney is totally enclosed within a casing of non-combustible material providing at least half the fire resistance required from each side, for the compartment wall, compartment floor, separating wall or separating floor;
b. pass through any storage space, cupboard or roof space,
except -
where the chimney is suitably shielded by a removable casing;
c. incorporate joints within any wall, floor, ceiling or roof.
F3.8* A flue system must be essentially uniform, suitably gas-tight, free from obstructions and resistant to corrosion from combustion products.
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
F3.9* A factory-made chimney must be placed at a safe distance from any combustible material.
EXTRACT FANS
F3.10 An extract fan must not be fitted in the same room as an open-flued solid fuel appliance.
F3.11*Where an open-flued combustion appliance draws air for combustion or cooling from a room or space in which a fan is fitted, the appliance and associated flue must be able to operate safely.
IDENTIFICATION OF COMBUSTION APPLIANCE INSTALLATIONS
F3.12*Every combustion appliance installation must have a suitably positioned label of durable material, indelibly marked to indicate its limitations of use.
INCINERATORS
F3.13 An incinerator, together with any associated chimney, flue-pipe and hearth must be constructed and installed, irrespective of the type of fuel used, in accordance with the requirements of F4.2 to F4.20 (solid fuel).
INSTALLATIONS
F4.1 A solid fuel (namely, fuel in solid form including wood and peat) appliance with an output rating not more than 50 kW, and any associated chimney, flue-pipe and hearth, must be constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements of F3.1 to F3.12 (general) and F4.2 to F4.21.
APPLIANCES
F4.2* A solid fuel appliance must be suitable for its purpose and for the type of fuel that it will burn.
SUPPLY OF AIR FOR COMBUSTION
F4.3* A solid fuel appliance installed in a room or space must have an adequate supply of air for combustion by way of permanent ventilation either direct to the open air or to an adjoining space (including a sub-floor space) that is itself permanently ventilated direct to the open air. (See also F3.10 and F3.11)
REMOVAL OF PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
F4.4 Each solid fuel appliance must be connected to a separate flue.
F4.5* The area of a flue must be suitable for the type of solid fuel appliance served.
F4.6 The angle of any change of direction in a flue must not be more than 45º from the vertical, except -
where a back-entry appliance discharges into a flue, the horizontal length of flue-pipe at the point of discharge must not exceed 150mm.
Diagram to F4.6: Flue-pipe connection to back-entry solid fuel appliance
F4.7 A flue must have no intermediate openings,
except -
a. a draught stabiliser or draught diverter that is in the same room or space as the solid fuel appliance being served;
b. an explosion door;
c. an opening for inspection or cleaning that is fitted with a non-combustible, rigid, gas-tight cover.
F4.8* Suitable access must be provided for inspection and cleaning of a flue and appliance.
F4.9 A flue-pipe must not be fixed externally to a building.
F4.10*The outlet from a flue must be positioned at a safe distance from any obstructions or flammable or vulnerable materials.
PROTECTION FROM PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
F4.11*A flue in a chimney must -
a. be separated from every other flue; and
b. extend from the solid fuel appliance to the top of the chimney; and
c. be surrounded by non-combustible material that is capable of withstanding the effects of a chimney fire, without any structural change that would impair the stability or performance of the chimney,
except -
the chimney may include damp proof course(s) of combustible material.
F4.12*A flue-pipe must be non-combustible and of suitable materials and construction capable of withstanding the effects of a chimney fire, without any structural change that would impair the stability or performance of the flue-pipe.
F4.13 A flue-pipe may only be used to connect a solid fuel appliance to a chimney and must not pass through -
a. a roof space;
b. an internal wall,
except -
where the flue-pipe discharges into a flue in a chimney formed wholly or partly by a non-combustible wall;
c. a ceiling or floor,
except -
where the ceiling or floor is non-combustible and the flue-pipe discharges into a chimney immediately above.
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
F4.14 A flue-pipe must be separated from combustible material by a distance equivalent to at least 3 times the diameter of the flue-pipe,
except -
a. the distance may be reduced to 1.5 times the diameter of the flue-pipe where there is, between the flue-pipe and the combustible material, a non-combustible shield that -
i. extends a distance equivalent to at least 1.5 times the diameter of the flue-pipe from any part of the flue-pipe, and
ii. is separated by an air space of at least 12mm from the combustible material; or
b. the distance may be reduced to 0.75 times the diameter of the flue-pipe where the flue-pipe is totally enclosed in non-combustible material at least 12mm thick and having a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.065 W/mK.
Diagrams to F4.14a: Flue-pipe separation from combustible material
F4.15 All combustible materials must be at least 200mm from the surface surrounding a flue in a chimney or the inside surface of a fireplace recess,
except -
a. damp proof course(s) firmly bedded in mortar;
b. small combustible fixings located at least 150mm from the surface surrounding the flue or the inside surface of the fireplace recess;
c. combustible structural material, that may be located at least 40mm from the outer face of a masonry chimney;
d. flooring, strapping, sarking or similar non-structural combustible material located on the outer face of a masonry chimney;
e. under a constructional hearth as described in F4.20;
f. where the flue is in a factory-made chimney.
F4.16 Any metal fastening in contact with combustible material must be at least 50mm from the surface surrounding a flue or the inside surface of a fireplace recess.
Diagram to F4.15 and F4.16: Minimum separation distances for combustible material relative to a masonry chimney
F4.17*A solid fuel appliance must be provided with a solid, non-combustible hearth of suitable dimensions.
F4.18*A solid fuel appliance must be positioned on a hearth in such a way as to minimise the risk of ignition of any part of a floor by direct radiation, conduction or falling embers.
F4.19*Any part of a building, other than a floor, that abuts or is adjacent to a hearth, must be constructed in such a way as to minimise the risk of ignition by direct radiation or conduction from a solid fuel appliance located upon the hearth.
F4.20 All combustible material under a constructional hearth must be separated from the hearth by an air space of at least 50mm,
except -
a. where the combustible material is separated from the top surface of the hearth by solid, non-combustible material of at least 250mm; or
b. where the combustible material supports the front and side edges of the hearth.
Diagram to F4.20: Combustible materials under a hearth
F4.21*A fireplace recess must be suitably constructed of solid, non-combustible material.
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