| 2. INTRODUCTION |
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| 2.1 This report sets out the
final conclusions reached by the Financial Issues Advisory Group
(FlAG) in relation to the financial procedures which, subject to Consultative
Steering Group's (CSG) views, the Scottish Parliament might be invited to
adopt following devolution. These recommendations build on the interim proposals
FlAG put forward to the Consultative Steering Group in July (CSG(98)37 refers).
They take account of the comments made by CSG members on that occasion and
further work by FlAG, including consultation on the public audit arrangements
for a devolved Scotland. |
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| Background |
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2.2 To assist The Scottish Office
in offering advice to the CSG on financial aspects of its remit, the Secretary
of State established the Financial Issues Advisory Group in February 1998.
This is because the Scotland Bill requires the Scottish Parliament to make
rules to cover the preparation of its accounts, procedures for independent
audit and arrangements for the submission of reports to the Scottish Parliament.
In addition, there is a need to consider the procedures which the Parliament
should adopt for approving expenditure, for using the tax varying power,
for overseeing the work of the auditors and for scrutinising the outputs
obtained from the expenditure. FlAG's remit is as follows:
- "To assist The Scottish Office in
developing for consideration by the Consultative Steering Group (CSG),
proposals for the rules, procedures, standing orders and legislation
which the Scottish Parliament might be invited to adopt for handling
financial issues, taking account of the deliberations of the CSG and
contributing to the draft report which the CSG is to submit to the Secretary
of State by the end of 1998 to inform the preparation of draft standing
orders."
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| 2.3 FlAG considered the possibility
of making recommendations on local government budgeting and accounting arrangements.
However, it was thought that this would duplicate the work of the McIntosh
Commission which is presently considering the workings of local government.
In view of this, FlAG elected not to look at this matter. |
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| 2.4 Although FlAG's remit does
not explicitly cover the inter-action between the Scottish Parliament and
the Scottish Executive, the Group agreed it was essential to look at the
wider picture. |
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| 2.5 The Scotland Act 1998 provides
for the setting up of a Scottish Consolidated Fund (SCF); and for the Secretary
of State for Scotland to make payments into it. The Act does not say how
the amount of these payments is to be determined. The White Paper "Scotland's
Parliament" explained that the total budget available to the Scottish
Parliament (before the use of the tax varying power) will be determined
administratively, using the so-called "Barnett Formula". FlAG
envisages that the operation of this formula and thus the determination
of the Parliament's budget, will become more transparent. Although the operation
of the formula is largely automatic, there will probably be discussions
between officials around the margins. At any event, FlAG expects that an
explanation of how the budget has been determined will be available to the
Parliament. |
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| 2.6 FlAG also notes that the
budget determined under the Barnett Formula will not be the same as the
funds paid by the Secretary of State into the SCF. Provision for local authority
capital expenditure will, for example, count against that budget; but will
not mean payments into the Fund. And various payments from the European
institutions could be paid directly to the Scottish Executive. The amount
of payments into the Fund by the Secretary of State will therefore depend
on the allocation decisions made by Parliament itself. FlAG therefore observes
that there will have to be effective liaison amongst officials both in the
Scottish Administration and the UK government on the relationship between
total budgets and the amount paid out in cash. |
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| Approach |
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2.7 In its deliberations, FlAG
has been guided by the key aims of the CSG. These are that:
- the Scottish Parliament should embody
and reflect the sharing of power between the people of Scotland, the
legislators and the Scottish Executive;
- the Scottish Executive should be accountable
to the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Parliament and Executive
should be accountable to the people of Scotland;
- the Scottish Parliament should be accessible,
open, responsive and develop procedures which make possible a participative
approach to the development, consideration and scrutiny of policies
and legislation; and
- the Scottish Parliament in its operation
and appointments should recognise the need to promote equal opportunities
for all.
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2.8 FlAG also agreed to adopt
a number of key objectives which have been endorsed by CSG in relation to
the proposed financial procedures for the Parliament as follows:
- to ensure probity in the handling of the
public funds under the Scottish Parliament's control;
- to help maximise the cost effectiveness
of the expenditure under the Scottish Parliament's control;
- to provide the information which the Parliament
needs to make properly informed and timely decisions and to judge the
probity and wider value of the actions of the Executive;
- to provide the Scottish people with understandable,
consistent, relevant and timely information; and
- to contain the overhead and compliance
costs associated with the procedures.
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| 2.9 A list of Group members is
at Annex B. The recommendations listed in this report are collective views. |
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| 2.10 FlAG has studied the financial
systems of both the UK Parliament and overseas legislatures with the aim
of identifying best practice. The Group has met 10 times (and CSG has had
sight of FlAG's agendas). In addition, a sub-group met with members of the
Expert Panel on Standing Orders (EXPSO), and a joint seminar was held in
October with CSG, EXPSO, the Expert Panel on Information and Communications
Technology and the Commission on Local Government and the Scottish Parliament. |
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| Terminology |
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| 2.11 FlAG has established that
those working in public finance in the UK make extensive use of specialist
jargon. The Group has concluded that this tends to makes it difficult for
the lay person (or those whose accountancy experience does not extend to
central government work) to understand. Therefore FIAG recommends
that in future, simpler, more widespread terms are used. This report is
written using these. A glossary which compares the existing terms used in
public finance with those recommended by FIAG is at Annex A. |
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| Legislative requirements |
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2.12 A basic piece of
legislation will be needed to set out the relationship between the Parliament
and the Executive in relation to financial matters and to make provision
for the Parliament to establish rules of financial procedure and practice.
The Scotland Act 1998 requires that provisions required are made by or under
an Act of the Scottish Parliament on the following matters:
- for the making of payments from the Scottish
Consolidated Fund;
- for proper accounts to be prepared by
the Scottish Ministers, the Lord Advocate and others to whom sums are
paid out of the Scottish Consolidated Fund;
- for the Scottish Ministers to prepare
an account of payments into and out of the Fund;
- for the Auditor General for Scotland to
exercise, or ensure the exercise by other independent auditors, of his
statutory audit and vfm functions;
- for members of the staff of the Scottish
Administration to be designated as answerable to the Parliament in respect
of the expenditure and receipts of each part of the Scottish Administration;
- for access to such documents as may reasonably
be required for the purposes of audit;
- for the publication of accounts and reports
and for the laying of such documents before the Parliament; and for
standing orders to provide for consideration of accounts and reports.
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| 2.13 This is not intended to
be exhaustive. Instead it sets out the minimum and soleaves the Parliament
the maximum freedom to determine its own procedures. FlAG believes that
Scottish Parliament will certainly want to go further than the bald list
above. |
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| 2.14 A timetable of the Scottish
Parliament's key tasks to the 1 April 2000 is set out at Annex K for information.
The schedule is very tight. Transitional arrangements will require to be
in place when MSPs are elected and the Scottish Parliament will require
to make its rules and legislation in relation to payments from the Scottish
Consolidated Fund by the end of December 1999 at the latest. This is to
allow sufficient time for the approval of allocations in accordance with
the rules to be made in the period before 31 March 2000. Other priorities
will include the appointment of the Auditor General for Scotland and setting
down standing orders for consideration of accounts. |
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| The Existing System |
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| 2.15 In order that FlAG's proposals
can be compared with the current UK system, the details of the Westminster
system have been set out in Annex D. |
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