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Proposed EU Directive on the Management of Waste from the Extractive Industries
TABLE 5
WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AT ACTIVE MINERAL SITES
|
Type of Mineral
|
Total No of sites
|
No of sites with discrete waste manage-ment facilities
|
Type of waste management facilities
|
|
Spoil tip
|
Lagoon with dam
|
Lagoon below ground level
|
Over-burden for Backfill
|
Stock-pile
|
Other — Flint store
|
Other — waste water stored in ponds
|
|
Limestone/ Dolomite
|
109
|
74
|
51
|
13
|
12
|
39
|
59
|
|
|
|
China Clay
|
1
|
|
17
|
6
|
5
|
11
|
8
|
|
|
|
Coal (Deep)
|
8
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
Coal (Open)
|
12
|
12
|
1
|
9
|
4
|
12
|
11
|
|
|
|
Oil/ Gas
|
24
|
18
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
Chalk
|
19
|
11
|
1
|
|
1
|
11
|
6
|
1
|
|
|
Clay/Shale
|
64
|
45
|
10
|
3
|
14
|
37
|
30
|
|
8
|
|
Gypsum/ Anhydrite
|
2
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
Igneous
|
69
|
30
|
22
|
6
|
19
|
8
|
28
|
|
|
|
Ironstone
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peat
|
120
|
15
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
14
|
|
|
|
Salt
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sand/ Gravel
|
290
|
177
|
6
|
36
|
108
|
143
|
106
|
|
|
|
Sand (Industrial)
|
18
|
17
|
7
|
6
|
9
|
13
|
16
|
|
|
|
Sandstone
|
72
|
31
|
8
|
2
|
7
|
34
|
18
|
|
|
|
Slate
|
11
|
9
|
9
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
|
|
Vein Minerals
|
3
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Mineral
|
11
|
3
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
8
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
835
|
450
|
133
|
89
|
186
|
330
|
308
|
1
|
8
|
Source: MPA Survey , 2002
TABLE 6
SUMMARY OF WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND AMOUNT OF WASTE PRODUCED BY ACTIVE MINERAL
WORKINGS IN THE UK
|
Mineral commodity
|
Number of active sites1
|
Total UK production 20012 (thousands of
tonnes)
|
Mineral to waste ratio3
|
Estimated waste production (thousands of tonnes)
|
Waste Classification
|
Perceived Risk*
|
Comments
|
|
Sand & Gravel
|
801
|
80793
|
9:1
|
8977
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
Possibility of deleterious minerals (radioactive) in fine tailings in
some quarries, especially near granite areas.
|
|
Limestone
|
347
|
102552
|
9:1
|
11394
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
Possibility of included vein minerals Pb, Ba, Zn, F in a few quarries
|
|
Sandstone
|
305
|
19967
|
9:1
|
2219
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
|
|
Igneous and Metamorphic Rock
|
205
|
51501
|
9:1
|
5722
|
Inert
|
Low
|
Possibility of deleterious minerals (radioactive and asbestiform) in
fine tailings
|
|
Chalk
|
65
|
8205
|
9:1
|
912
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Silica Sand
|
48
|
3848
|
9:1
|
428
|
Inert
|
Low
|
Possibility of sulphides in some operations
|
|
Common Clay and Shale
|
178
|
10426
|
|
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
Possibility of sulphides and gypsum in some operations
|
|
Slate
|
41
|
551
|
1:20
|
11020
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
|
|
Coal — deep mined
|
26
|
17347
|
2:1
|
8674
|
Hazardous
|
Low
|
Pyrite in most operations
|
|
Opencast Coal
|
55
|
14166
|
2:1
|
7083
|
Non-hazardous
|
Low
|
Much lower pyrite levels than deep-mined coal
|
|
Peat
|
114
|
1814000m3
|
100% mineral
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very Low
|
Very absorbtive substance
|
|
China Clay
|
17
|
2204
|
1:9
|
19836
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
Possibility of deleterious minerals (radioactive) in fine tailings at
some locations
|
|
Ball Clay
|
20
|
999
|
|
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
Small amounts of lignite at some locations
|
|
Fuller’s Earth
|
2
|
52000
|
|
Small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Gypsum
|
6
|
1700 — includes anhydrite
|
|
Small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Anhydrite
|
1
|
With gypsum figure
|
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Salt
|
9
|
6100
|
100% mineral
|
Small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
Waste disposed of in abandoned solution cavities.
|
|
Potash
|
1
|
882
|
|
180
|
Non-hazardous
|
Low
|
Possiblity of minor hazard due to mercury in clay waste.
|
|
Fluorspar
|
8
|
50
|
|
100
|
Hazardous
F Pb Zn Ba
|
Low
|
Fluorite and sulphides in all operations.
|
|
Barytes
|
5
|
66
|
Na
|
|
Hazardous
Ba Pb Zn F
|
Low
|
Fluorite and sulphides in some operations
|
|
Calcite
|
6
|
12
|
Na
|
Small
|
Hazardous
F Pb Zn Ba
|
Low
|
Fluorite and sulphides in some operations
|
|
Serpentine
|
1
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
Possibility of presence of deleterious asbestiform minerals.
|
|
Flint
|
8
|
2
|
Na
|
Small
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
|
|
Honestone
|
2
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
|
|
Iron Ore — Ochre
|
2
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Iron Ore — Hematite
|
1
|
0.5
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Low
|
Presence of small amounts of fluorite and sulphides.
|
|
Iron Ore — Ironstone
|
6
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Low
|
Possibility of minor amounts of radioactive and/or arsenic.minerals.
|
|
Bauxite
|
1
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Tufa
|
2
|
Very small
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
China Stone
|
1
|
3
|
Na
|
Small
|
Non-hazardous
|
Very low
|
|
|
Talc
|
1
|
5
|
Na
|
Small
|
Inert
|
Very low
|
Possibility of presence of deleterious asbestiform minerals.
|
|
Tin
|
1
|
Very small tourist operation
|
Na
|
Very small
|
Inert
|
Low
|
Similar to sand and gravel operations. Possibility of minor amounts of
radioactive and/or arsenic.minerals.
|
1 source: BGS BritPits Database
2 source: United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2002
3 source: Douglas and Lawson, 2000
Na — No figure available
* Risk cannot be quantified without a proper individual site assessment. The
measure shown is simply the perceived risk overall, taking the quarries for
each commodity as a whole
TABLE 7
MINERAL PRODUCTION DATA - EU 15
|
Mineral Type (thousand tonnes)
|
***EU (15) Production (thousand tonnes) 2001
|
Total EU (15) production (thousand tonnes)
|
UK as % of EU 15
|
|
Austria
|
Bel & Lux
|
Den
|
Fin
|
France
|
Ger
|
Gre
|
Ire
|
Italy
|
Neth
|
Port
|
Spain
|
Swed
|
UK
|
|
Metal (thousand tonnes)
|
|
Lead
|
22
|
96
|
_
|
_
|
242
|
529
|
28
|
58
|
203
|
24
|
4
|
122
|
75
|
* 1
|
1,404
|
0.07%
|
|
Energy (thousand tonnes)
|
|
Total coal
|
1
|
100
|
0
|
0
|
2,300
|
202,275
|
60,400
|
0
|
150
|
0
|
0
|
22,500
|
0
|
* 30,025
|
317,751
|
9.45%
|
|
Industrial (thousand tonnes)
|
|
Potash (K2O equivalent)
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
257
|
3,549
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
569
|
_
|
** 900
|
5,275
|
17.06%
|
|
Feldspar
|
_
|
_
|
34
|
40
|
650
|
500
|
95
|
_
|
2,500
|
_
|
120
|
600
|
40
|
** 2
|
4,581
|
0.04%
|
|
Fluorspar
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
115
|
30
|
_
|
_
|
45
|
_
|
??
|
134
|
3
|
** 53
|
380
|
13.95%
|
|
Kaolin (China clay)
|
_
|
_
|
2
|
_
|
375
|
3,799
|
65
|
_
|
100
|
_
|
146,4
|
400
|
_
|
** 2,100
|
6,841
|
30.70%
|
|
Barytes
|
_
|
8
|
_
|
_
|
81
|
108
|
800
|
_
|
30
|
_
|
_
|
44
|
_
|
** 59
|
1,130
|
5.22%
|
|
Limestone & dolomite
|
31
|
33,500
|
961
|
3
|
_
|
68,562
|
90
|
1000
|
120,700
|
_
|
45,500
|
12,128
|
484
|
** 99,000
|
381,959
|
25.92%
|
|
Silica sand
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
148
|
_
|
_
|
125
|
_
|
3,000
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
** 4,000
|
7,273
|
55.00%
|
|
Chalk
|
_
|
_
|
410
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
980
|
_
|
** 8,000
|
9,390
|
85.20%
|
|
Gypsum & anhydrite
|
_
|
400
|
_
|
_
|
4,500
|
2,000
|
700
|
_
|
1,200
|
_
|
700
|
_
|
_
|
** 1,700
|
11,200
|
15.18%
|
|
Fuller's earth
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
500
|
_
|
_
|
30
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
** 44
|
574
|
7.67%
|
|
Salt
|
401
|
_
|
605
|
_
|
7,100
|
8,461
|
150
|
_
|
3,800
|
5,000
|
626
|
4,100
|
_
|
** 6,100
|
36,343
|
16.78%
|
Sources:
*A Study on the Costs of Improving the Management of Mining
Waste, Symonds Group, October 2001
**UK Minerals Yearbook 2002. Website - http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/statistics/uk/ukmy.html
***The United States Geological Survey (USGS) 2001 data. Website - http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/
_ Indicates where data are not available
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