Scottish Government

Technical Notes for Supporting Indicators

Supporting Indicator 10 - Food and Drink Labour Productivity

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

Labour productivity of food and drink manufacturing is a measure of the level of output per unit of labour input in the industry. Labour productivity is usually measured as the value added per employee. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in the productivity of the Scottish food and drink manufacturing industry. This indicator will track the changes in performance in relation to the base year.

The productivity of the food and drink industry can give an indication of how competitive the food and drink industry is relative to other industries or internationally.

Desired Outcome:

• Sustainable growth of Scotland's food and drink industry

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased sales (at home and abroad), GVA and productivity of the food and drink industry
• Food and drink industry is more sustainable, profitable and internationally competitive
• Scotland's food and drink industry is more competitive internationally, more profitable and sustainable
• Food and drink supply chain increases productivity and improves resource efficiency (in terms of energy, waste, water and climate change)

Related Target:

Scotland Food and Drink have set a target to raise productivity to equal UK levels for food processing and to continue outperforming UK levels for combined food and drink processing.

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend

Source: Annual Business Inquiry, 2008

Change:

• Labour productivity of Scottish food and drink manufacturing overall increased by 13% over the period 2006 to 2008.
• The main driver behind the increase in labour productivity in food and drink manufacturing has been drinks manufacturing, here productivity has increased by 24% over the period 2006 to 2008. Labour productivity in the food manufacturing industry increased by 1% over the period.
• Over the year to 2008 labour productivity of Scottish food and drink manufacturing increased by 12%. Drink manufacturing labour productivity experienced an increase of 17% while labour productivity in food manufacturing increased by 7% over the year.

Indicator/Source:

Gross Value Added per employee, Annual Business Inquiry, ONS.

Date of next update:

Data next published provisionally Summer 2011.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

Labour productivity will be driven by skills, innovation, research, capital investment as well as increases in inflation.

Context:

Labour productivity of food and drink manufacturing at £77,580 was higher in 2008 than that of the Scottish manufacturing sector as a whole at £66,933. It was also relatively higher than that of other manufacturing sectors in Scotland such as manufacturing of textiles (£33,264) or the manufacturing of wood and wood products (£56,080).

Inflation effect:

The table below provides nominal and real values for food and drink manufacturing GVA per employee. HMTGDP deflators have been used to take account of the effects of inflation, 2007 has been used as the base year.

Over the period 2006 to 2008:

• Real terms food manufacturing GVA per employee decreased by £1,962, from £38,285 per employee to £36,322 per employee.
• Drinks manufacturing GVA per employee increased in real terms by £29,326 per employee, from £168,566 to £197,892.
• Overall food and drink manufacturing GVA per employee increased in real terms from £70,531 to £75,345 an increase of £4,814 per employee.

Limitations of the data:

A breakdown of GVA per employee for the sub-sectors of food and drink manufacturing has not been provided to the Scottish Government by ONS. There are disclosure issues regarding the use and provision of this breakdown for SIC 15 (2003).

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

For the period 2007 to 2008 labour productivity of Scottish food and drink manufacturing increased by 12% from £69,173 per employee to £77,580 per employee.

Supporting Indicator 11 - Food and Drink Manufacturing Businesses by Size

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

The number of food and drink companies registered (or based) in Scotland measures the number of companies which choose to have a base in Scotland whether they are a Scottish company, a UK company or an international company. It also provides the opportunity to observe the proportion of companies which are large, medium or small sized (based on number of employees).

The number of food and drink companies which are based in Scotland will give an indication of how competitive the Scottish food and drink manufacturing industry is. More importantly, the number of companies in different size brackets will give us an indication of the scale of the food and drink industry in Scotland and the extent to which it consolidates, or otherwise, over time.

This indicator will track changes in the number of registered enterprises in food and drink manufacturing which are based in Scotland in relation to the base year. The indicator only includes manufacturing companies since they are thought to be the type of companies which are more likely to scale up. The most important aim of this indicator is to give an indication of the scale of the industry in Scotland, whether it is consolidating and how this changes over time by observing changes in the size structure of enterprises in food and drink manufacturing.

Desired Outcome:

• Sustainable growth of Scotland's food and drink industry

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased investment from foreign food and drink companies locating in Scotland
• Consolidated industry and infrastructure - high growth businesses and businesses of scale with capability to serve domestic and international markets

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend:

Source: Scottish Government, ONS ( IDBR)
Notes: 1. Graph scale is in % but numbers have also been added as labels for additional information.
2. The numbers of enterprises are rounded to the nearest 5. Totals may not equal the sum of the constituent parts due to rounding.
3. The figures shown at the top of each bar are the total for all sizes of enterprises.

Change:

• The number of food and drink manufacturing companies registered in Scotland has increased over the period 2008 to 2010. Between 2008 and 2010 the number of food and drink companies based in Scotland increased by 3%. This amounted to 25 companies. Between 2009 and 2010 the number of companies based in Scotland remained constant at 800.
• However, the size structure of food and drink manufacturing enterprises registered in Scotland has remained mainly unchanged over the period 2008 to 2010. The percentage of companies with zero employees did not change much between 2008 and 2010 remaining at 18-19%. The percentage of small companies (1 to 49 employees) increased from 64% to 68% between 2008 and 20010. The percentage of medium size companies (50 to 249 employees) was static over the same period at 12-13% while the percentage of large companies (250+) employees remained around 3-4% in 2010.

Indicator/Source:

Number of registered enterprises in food and drink manufacturing which are based in Scotland. Scottish Government, ONS ( IDBR)

Date of next update:

Data will next be available in Autumn 2011.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

There are many different factors that can drive scale within an industry, the main being the capacity to have economies of scale (being able to reduce your costs as the size of the business increases). So for example, the industrial sector, in general, has more opportunity for economies of scale than the service sector. However, there are other factors that can influence the scale of an industry. These vary from things such as the size of the market, skills and training, the economic environment, the tax environment and infrastructure.

Context:

The number and size of enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Scotland varies greatly between the various manufacturing sub-sectors. Food and drink manufacturing has a higher proportion of large enterprises than the manufacturing sector as a whole.

Limitations of the data:

The data exclude central and local government. For this analysis enterprises were classified as based in Scotland if the enterprise address was in Scotland. Foreign based companies were classified in the same way, i.e. they were regarded as based in Scotland if their main UK address was in Scotland. Therefore, the data includes enterprises that operate in Scotland irrespective of whether their head office is located in Scotland or elsewhere.

Enterprises are counted only once or once each in each of the local areas they operate in, irrespective of the number of local units they maintain. Include private enterprises registered for VAT and PAYE; enterprises with zero employees are added, estimated on the basis of LFS, FRS and SPI figures.

These are estimated from Scottish extracts of the IDBR taken in March of each year. Enterprises with no UK activity or dummy enterprises created to help with clerical procedures are excluded. Enterprises which have zero employment and zero turnover are also excluded as they are holding companies whose activity is recorded elsewhere or are enterprises not contributing to the economy at the time of the estimates.

Companies with only one employee (who is also the employer) are treated as a self-employed person working in a firm with zero employees unless the enterprise is part of an enterprise group. As these companies provide no employment for others it is more consistent to classify them as enterprises with no employees.

Overall assessment of progress against the 2007 baseline:

Between 2007 and 2010 the structure of food and drink enterprises registered in Scotland remained mainly unchanged. In 2010 86% of food and drink enterprises were small, 12% medium and 3% large.

Supporting Indicator 12 - Research and Development Spend as a Proportion of Food and Drink Manufacturing Gross Value Added

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

Research and Development (R&D) is a powerful form of investment that has the potential to increase growth in the long run. Unlike other types of investment R&D and the knowledge that comes with it are cumulative. Increased R&D in the food and drink manufacturing industry could lead to increased growth and competitiveness in the industry.

Here it is measured as R&D spend in food and drink manufacturing as a percentage of food and drink manufacturing GVA. This will indicate the relative growth in expenditure which is a better indication of progression compared to expenditure in absolute terms.

The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in expenditure in research and development in the food and drink manufacturing industry. This indicator will track the changes in performance in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• Sustainable growth of Scotland's food and drink industry

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased sales (at home and abroad), GVA and productivity of the food and drink industry
• Increased investment from foreign food and drink companies locating in Scotland
• Food and drink industry is more sustainable, profitable and internationally competitive
• Scotland's food and drink industry is more competitive internationally, more profitable and sustainable
• Food and drink supply chain increases productivity and improves resource efficiency (in terms of energy, waste, water and climate change)

Related Target:

Scotland Food and Drink have set a target to increase R&D spend from 0.25% to 0.75% of food and drink manufacturing GVA, with the processing sector ultimately meeting UK levels.

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend

Source: Business Enterprise Research and Development Scotland 2008, Scottish Government
SABS, Scottish Government

Changes:

• R&D spend as a percentage of food and drink manufacturing GVA decreased from 0.24% ⁶ of food and drink manufacturing GVA in 2007 to 0.20% of GVA in 2008.
• Total spending on R&D by the food and drink manufacturing sector declined from £7.7m in 2007 to £7m in 2008.

Indicator/Source:

BERD expenditure in food and drink. Business Enterprise Research and Development Scotland 2008, Scottish Government.

It is important to bear in mind the definition of R&D used in BERD. It includes business enterprise R&D performed in Scotland irrespective of the residence of the ultimate owner. It excludes R&D funded by Scottish businesses that is performed overseas and excludes R&D carried out by higher education or government (including government departments, agencies and non-departmental public bodies; local authorities; and private non-profit organisations).

Date of next update:

Data will be published next in December 2010

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

Expenditure on research and development will be driven by a number of factors including: the availability of capital, the general economic climate, government incentives and the regulatory and taxation system, the desire of company's to increase profits, opportunities to expand to new markets etc

Context:

Research and development spending on food and drink manufacturing in the UK totalled £305m in 2008.

Manufacturing research and development spending accounted for 2.9% of manufacturing GVA for Scotland in 2008 and 8% of UK manufacturing GVA.

In 2008 BERD expenditure was equivalent to 0.48% of GDP in Scotland compared to 1.11% of GDP in the UK.

Limitations of the data:

BERD includes business enterprise R&D performed in Scotland irrespective of the residence of the ultimate owner. BERD excludes R&D funded by Scottish businesses that is performed overseas.

The definition of research and development used excludes activities such as market research, most software development, routine testing and quality control and artistic design work.

Overall assessment of progress against the 2007 baseline:

Research and Development spending in food and drink manufacturing as a percentage of food and drink manufacturing GVA declined from 0.24% to 0.20% between 2007 and 2008.

Supporting Indicator 13 - Food and Drink Spend by UK Tourists

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

Tourism spend on food and drink measures how much UK tourists to Scotland spend on food and drink when visiting Scotland at a particular time. UK tourism spend on food and drink in Scotland will contribute to the industry's growth through increased food and drink sales and GVA. It will also give an indication of the reputation of Scotland as a land food and drink. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in expenditure on food and drink by UK tourist in Scotland in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• Sustainable growth of Scotland's food and drink industry
• Scotland has a reputation as a land of food and drink

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased sales (at home and abroad), GVA and productivity of the food and drink industry
• Increased sales of Scottish food and drink in Scotland, the UK and internationally
• Scotland's food and drink industry is more competitive internationally, more profitable and sustainable
• Increased tourism spend on Scottish food and drink in Scotland

Related Targets:

2010 is the year of Food and Drink and the Scottish Government have set a target that by 2017 tourism will contribute £900m to the value of Food and Drink in Scotland from a baseline of £737m. This is based on the proportion of spend of domestic visitors and the same rate is applied to spend by both international and domestic tourists.

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend

Source: Tourism in Scotland, Visit Scotland

Change:

• UK tourist expenditure on food and drink in Scotland decreased by 14% between 2007 and 2009 from £510m to £438m.

Indicator/Source:

UK Tourist categories of expenditure, VisitScotland

Date of next update:

Data will be next available in due course.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

The marked decrease in expenditure by UK tourist on food and drink in Scotland may be due to the difficult economic environment in the UK in the last couple of years and the resulting reduction on tourist disposable income or it may be due to an increase in expenditure in other areas like accommodation, entertainment or buying clothes.

Context:

The proportion of total UK tourist spending on food and drink decreased from 18% of UK tourist spend for 2007 to 16% of UK tourist spend in 2008 and 2009.

Total tourist trips to Scotland from the UK and overseas fell from 15.91m trips in 2007 to 15.03m trips in 2009. The UK accounts for 83% of tourism trips to Scotland and 17% of trips are from overseas.

Inflation effect:

The table below provides nominal and real values for food and drink spend by UK tourists. HMTGDP deflators have been used to take account of the effects of inflation, 2007 has been used as the base year.

• In real terms total spending on food and drink by UK tourists to Scotland has fallen by 18% over the period 2007 to 2009 from £510m to £420m.

Limitations of the data:

The data on tourist spending is based on UK tourists only. The UK accounts for 83% of tourist trips to Scotland but there is some uncertainty as to whether spending patterns for UK and overseas tourists are the same.

A recent report by Scottish Natural Heritage states 'Locally produced food and drink (including whisky, game, and seafood) directly linked to the natural environment plays an increasingly important role in attracting visitor spend…' ⁷

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

UK tourist expenditure on food and drink in Scotland decreased by 14% in nominal terms between 2007 and 2009 from £510m to £438m.

Supporting Indicator 14 - Expenditure on Food and Non-alcoholic as a Percentage of Household Expenditure by Income Decile

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

Food insecurity can be measured at different levels, including the household level. Expenditure on food and non-alcoholic as a percentage of household expenditure gives an indication of levels of food insecurity at the household level. This gives an indication of the affordability of food that households have across all different income brackets. It is a well known fact that poorer households spend a higher proportion of their total expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks compared to richer households. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in the expenditure on food and non-alcoholic as a percentage of household expenditure in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• Food is accessible and affordable to all

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased access and affordability of healthy and sustainable food

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trends:

Source: Family Spending 2007, 2008 & 2009, ONS.

Changes:

• In 2006 the second income decile spent the biggest percentage of their total expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks while in 2008 the lowest income decile spent the biggest percentage of their total expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks.
• Both in 2006 and 2008 the top income decile spent the lowest percentage of their total expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks.
• Expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure has increased for all income deciles between 2006 and 2008 in Scotland.
• The highest increase in expenditure was experienced by the 3 ^rd income decile where expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure increased by 1.3% percentage points, from 15.5% to 16.8% between 2006 to 2008.
• The lowest ten percent of households and the 4 ^th income decile also experienced an increase in expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure of 1% percentage points, from 17.9% to 18.9% and from 14.6% to 15.6% respectively.
• The smallest increase (0.1%) in expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure was experienced by the highest income decile from 9.4% to 9.5%.

Indicator/Source:

Expenditure on Food and Non-alcoholic as a Percentage of Household Expenditure by Income Decile, Family Spending, ONS.

Date for next update:

Data will be next published in Spring 2011.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

The drivers behind this indicator will be mainly microeconomic variables such as food prices and household incomes in Scotland. However, there will be a variety of other factors that will influence it such as access to bigger food stores where the price of food items is relatively cheaper, changes in lower income households habits when buying and cooking food through food education, etc. Third sector organisations may also have a role here.

Context:

The UK and Scotland exhibit very similar patterns of expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure by income decile.

Limitation of data:

In this analysis the weights for Scotland are directly derived from the weights for the UK to be able to make the calculations. More accurate data and analysis is planned at the Scottish level. Under this new analysis the expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure will be done by income quintile. This is due to the smaller population sample for Scotland, this data should be available in early 2011.

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

Expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks as a percentage of household expenditure has increased for all income deciles between 2006 and 2008 in Scotland. In 2008 households in the lowest income decile spent 19% of expenditure on food and drink compared to 9% for the highest income decile.

Supporting Indicator 15 - Agricultural Produce per Capita

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

Agricultural produce for human consumption is a measure of a country's ability to produce food to feed its population. When it is presented per capita, it gives an indication of how much of this produce could be allocated to each person in the country if there was to be an even split among the population. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in agricultural production for human consumption in Scotland and the UK. This indicator will track the changes in performance in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• Secure and resilient food system

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Food production continues to be diverse and diversifies further
• Food and drink supply chain increases productivity and improves resource efficiency (in terms of energy, waste, water and climate change)
• Food and drink supply chain is able to adapt to shocks

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend

Sources: Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture, REAS, DEFRA, GROS, ONS.

Changes:

• Agriculture production for human consumption per capita increased by 6% between 2007 and 2009 in Scotland. This compares to an increase of 18% for the UK over the same period.
• Between 2008 and 2009 agriculture production for human consumption per capita experienced a decrease of 6% for Scotland. The decrease was slightly lower in the UK at 5%.

Indicator/Source:

Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture, REAS, DEFRA, GROS, ONS

Date of next update:

Data will be published autumn 2011.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

Agricultural production for human consumption will be affected by agricultural decisions on what to produce and the returns that can be expected from each crop. Demand for bio-fuel could impact on this indicator as the availability of land suitable for growing crops.

Inflation will also drive increases in values of agricultural production. The section below on the inflation effect strips out this effect to show the real changes in values.

Context:

Agriculture production for human consumption in Scotland was worth £1.7 billion in value in 2009, an increase of 7% to 2007. In the UK the value of agriculture production for human consumption was £13 billion in 2009, an increase of 20% from 2007.

Inflation effect:

The table below provides nominal and real values of agricultural production for human consumption per capita for both Scotland and the UK. HMTGDP deflators have been used to take account of the effects of inflation, 2007 has been used as the base year.

• Agricultural production for human consumption per capita increased by 2% from £301 per capita to £306 per capita over the period 2007 to 2009. Although between 2008 and 2009 there was a real fall of 7% or £23 per capita.
• For the UK as a whole agricultural production for human consumption per capita increased by 13% between 2007 and 2009, this equates to an increase of £23 per capita. Between 2008 and 2009 agricultural production for human consumption per capita decreased by £12 per capita or 6%.

Limitations of the data:

Data does not include fish or fish farming. Scottish Government analysts are investigating if it is possible to include the production of fish for human consumption into the indicator.

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

Agricultural production per capita increased by 6% in nominal terms between 2007 and 2009 from £301 per capita to £319 per capita.

Supporting Indicator 16 - Food and Packaging Waste

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

The amount of food and packaging waste produced by the food and drink industry and sent to landfill is an important indicator for a sustainable food system. Waste should be avoided at every stage of the food and drink supply chain without compromising food safety. The Scottish Government has set up challenging environmental targets and a reduction in the amount of food and packaging waste send to landfill will contribute to meeting the Scottish Government green targets and to a more sustainable food supply chain. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in food and packaging waste sent for landfill in Scotland in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• People make healthy and sustainable choices
• Young people understand food and drink

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Food and drink supply chain is more environmentally sustainable
• Food and drink supply chain increases productivity and improves resource efficiency (in terms of energy, waste, water and climate change)

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trends:

Source: Mapping Waste in the Food Industry, Defra, FDF.

Changes:

• In Scotland in 2006 food waste took the largest share of waste in the food and drink industry amounting to 45% of all food and drink waste. This was followed by mixed waste which accounted for 41% of total food and drink industry waste and packaging waste accounted for the smaller share at 15%.
• Data are currently only available for 1 year therefore no analysis of changes over time can be made at this stage.

Indicator/Source:

Mapping Waste in the food industry, Defra, Food and Drink Federation http://www.fdf.org.uk/publicgeneral/mapping_waste_in_the_food_industry.pdf

Date for next update:

Defra are currently working with the Food and Drink Federation to update this research.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

A reduction in food and packaging waste is likely to be most influenced by consumer attitudes to food and packaging waste. However, other factors will also have an impact on the reduction of waste such as changes in packaging laws and innovation in the industry and science in terms improving methods of dealing with food and packaging waste. Third sector organisations may also be able to make a contribution in this area.

Context:

In 2006 Scotland took the 12 ^th place in the survey which places the different United Kingdom areas according to tonnage of waste produced. The total number of areas in the survey were 37 which places Scotland in the top tercile of the survey.

Limitations of the data:

This report aggregates survey returns from 236 production sites by area, usually counties. Counties with low (or high) numbers of site returns were aggregated (or split) to maintain confidentiality (or meaningful analysis). The survey provides a snapshot of the quantity and distribution of food and packaging waste arising across Food and Drink Federation's member companies during 2006.

Overall assessment of progress against baseline:

In 2006 food waste from the food and drink industry amounted to 12.7 thousand tonnes, 11.4 thousand tonnes of mixed waste was produced and 4 thousand tonnes of packaging waste.

Supporting Indicator 17 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Food and Drink Manufacturing

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

This indicator will monitor the contribution of food and drink manufacturing to Scottish Greenhouse Gas ( GHG) emissions and the contribution towards meeting Scotland's climate change targets. Monitoring the contribution of food and drink manufacturing to emissions is important. The Scottish Government has set up challenging environmental targets and a reduction in the amount of GHG emissions will contribute to meeting the Scottish Government green targets and to a more sustainable food supply chain. The aim of this indicator is to monitor changes in the GHG emission produced by the food and drink manufacturing sector in Scotland in relation to the base year.

Desired Outcome:

• People make healthy and sustainable choices.
• Young people understand food and drink

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Increased proportion of healthy and sustainable food and drink, production, processing, retailing and consumption
• Food and drink chain is more environmentally sustainable
• Scotland's food and drink industry is more competitive internationally, more profitable, sustainable and healthier
• Increase in the volume of healthy sustainable food supplied to public sector
• Food and drink SMEs deliver a product range, safely and efficiently to meet public sector demand for healthy and sustainable food
• Food and drink supply chain increases productivity and improves resource efficiency (in terms of energy, waste, water and climate change)

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trend:

Source: Experimental statistics of greenhouse gas emissions by 93 economic sectors 1990-2006, Scottish Government.

Changes:

• Greenhouse gas emissions produced by the food and drink manufacturing sector have decreased considerably between 2004 and 2006 by 18%. Contracting from 1,433 thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2004 to 1,176 in 2006.
• The contraction over the period 2005 to 2006 was also significant at 10%, contracting from 1,302 thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2005 to 1,176 in 2006.

Indicator/Source:

Experimental statistics of greenhouse gas emissions by 93 economic sectors 1990-2006, published 8 February 2010. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP/expstats/EnvironmentalAccounts/GHG

Date of next update:

Date of next update unknown.

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

Increases in production could drive increases in GHG emissions and that is why measuring GHG emissions per unit of GVA may be a more appropriate measure. However, this data are not available at the moment.

Context:

Similar statistics for the UK show that in the same period from 2004 to 2006 GHG emissions from food and drink manufacturing increased by 0.5%. Scotland achieved a reduction of 18% in the same period.

Food and drink manufacturing in Scotland performance on GHG emissions has been good relative to Scotland's overall performance which shows an increase in total GHG emissions of 3% over the period 2004 to 2006.

Limitations of the data:

Emissions include: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro-fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride expressed in thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.

These are experimental statistics. The figures provided differ from published estimates of Scottish emissions in that they include an estimate of emissions due to the purchase of fuel by Scottish residents in other countries and exclude emissions caused by the purchase of fuel in Scotland by foreign residents.

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

GHG emissions produced by the food and drink manufacturing sector have decreased by 18% between 2004 and 2006 from 1,433 thousand tonnes CO2 equivalent to 1,176 thousand tonnes CO2 equivalent.

Supporting Indicator 18 - Eco-Schools Scotland Food and Environment Topic

BACKGROUND

Rationale:

The Eco-schools programme is currently focused around nine key environmental topics. Nearly all local authority schools in Scotland are currently participating in the Eco-Schools programme (98.4%), making a commitment to raise awareness of environmental and sustainable development issues and to keep improving their environmental performance.

The aim of this indicator is to monitor participation in the Eco-schools programme and in particular the food and environment topic to be launched in March 2011.

Educating children and young people using the Eco-Schools Scotland food and environment topic will enable more children and young people to engage with issues such as growing and cooking their own food and recognising the importance of both locally and seasonally sourced food.

Desired Outcome:

• Young people understand food and drink in social, cultural, economic, health and environmental terms

Related Mid-term Outcomes:

• Food and drink industry more sustainable, profitable, and internationally competitive
• Young people pursue positive career choices in the food and drink industry

THE INDICATOR

Recent Trends:

The new Eco-Schools topic will be launched in March 2011, therefore, data are not yet available.

The chart below provides details of the number of local authority schools registered with Eco-Schools Scotland and the percentage with green flag awards.

Source: Eco-Schools Scotland

Changes:

• As of 1 January 2010 there were 3,031 local authority schools registered.
• Between January 2008 and January 2010 there was an increase in the proportion of local authority schools with green flag awards, an increase from 19% to 31%.

Indicator/Source:

Participation in Eco-Schools Scotland and participation in the food and environment topic, Eco-Schools Scotland

Date of next update:

June 2011

INTERPRETATION

Drivers:

Schools are able to decide which topics within Eco-Schools they will focus on. Therefore, it is likely that the topics of the greatest relevance to the local situation in the school will be pursued.

Context:

Eco-Schools Scotland has amongst the highest level of school participation in the world. Nearly all local authority schools in Scotland - 98 per cent of them - are now participating in the Eco-Schools programme.

Limitations of the data:

Data are not yet available for the food and environment topic.

Overall assessment of progress against 2007 baseline:

98% of local authority schools in Scotland are participating in the Eco-Schools programme. Information on the food and environment topic is not yet available.