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References
Chapter 1
1. Better Health, Better Carehttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/12/11103453/4
2. Equally Wellhttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/25104032/0
3. Healthy Eating, Active Living: An Action Plan to Improve Diet, Increase Activity and Tackle Obesityhttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/20155902/0
4. Stroke: practical management. 3rd Edition. Warlow C et al. Blackwell 2008.
5. SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network) guideline 97: "Risk Estimation and the Prevention of CVD
6. ASSIGNhttp://assign-score.com/
7. A "Resource Impact Assessment" SIGN
8. "Stroke services: care of the patient in the acute setting" NHSQIS 2004
9. Stroke Care Audit 2008 National Report
10. Five SIGN Cardiovascular Guidelines (93-97)
Chapter 2
11. www.isdscotland.org/cancer
12. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking.IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control, Volume 11. Lyon: IARC, 2007.
13. World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Washington DC: AICR, 2007.
14. Barnetson RA, Tenesa A, Farrington SM, Nicholl ID, Cetnarskyj R, Porteous ME, Campbell H, Dunlop MG. Identification and survival of carriers of mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes in colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2751-63.
15. Vainio H, Bianchini F (eds). Breast Cancer Screening.IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Volume 7. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2002.
16. Boffetta P, Hashibe M. Alcohol and cancer. Lancet 2006; 7: 149-156.
17. Croce CM. Molecular Origins of Cancer: Oncogenes and Cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 502-511.
18. Bartsch G, Horninger W, Klocker H, Pelzer A, Bektic J, Oberaigner W, Schennach H, Schäfer G, Frauscher F, Boniol M, Severi G, Robertson C, Boyle P; Tyrol Prostate Cancer Screening Group. Tyrol Prostate Cancer Demonstration Project: early detection, treatment, outcome, incidence and mortality. BJU Int 2008; 101: 809-816.
Chapter 3
19. Changing Scotland's Relationship with Alcohol Scottish Government 2008 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/16084348/0
20. Whyte B Scottish Mortality in a European context 1950-2000 http://www.scotpho.org.uk/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=3591&sID=3079
21. In 2007 CLD accounted for 2% of all deaths (1080/55986) Source: GROhttp://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/high-level-summary-of-statistics-population-and-migration/j926009.htm
22. Overview of Scotland's Health and NHS Performance Audit Scotland 2007 http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/health/2007/nr_071214_nhs_overview.pdf
23. West J, Wood H, Logan RFA, Quinn M, Aithal GP. Trends in the incidence of primary liver and biliary tract cancers in England and Wales 1971-2001. Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 1751-1758.
24. 27/1080 in 2006 due to primary biliary cirrhosis Source: GRO personal communication
25. Kim et al. Burden of Liver Disease in the United States: Summary of a Workshop Hepatology July 2002 pp 227- 242
26. Roderick et al Final Report to the British Liver Trust and Foundation for Liver Research 2004
27. Ramstedt M Alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality with and without mention of alcohol-the case of Canada Addiction Volume 98 Issue 9 pp 1267-1276 September 2003
28. Tighe A. (ed) (2007) Statistical Handbook 2007, Brewing Publications Limited
29. Scottish Health Survey 2003 revised estimates 2008 http://cci.scot.nhs.uk/Publications/2008/06/25104309/0
30. Neilsen sales data 2008 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/health/Alcohol/resources/nielson-data
31. 1080 deaths from CLD in 2007, 920 (85%) due to ALD compared with 158/431 (37%) in 1979
32. Fischer N, Hanson J, Philips A, Rao J and Swarbrick E 2002 Mortality from liver disease in the West Midlands 1993-2000: observational studyBMJ 325 pp312-313
33. Ramstedt M Alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality with and without mention of alcohol-the case of Canada Addiction Volume 98 Issue 9 pp1267-1276 September 2003
34. Hepatitis C action plan for Scotland Phase II http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/05/13103055/4
35. EMCDDA Monograph Hepatitis C and injecting drug use impact; costs and policy options 2004 http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index31213EN.html
36. SIGN Guideline of Hepatitis C 2006 http://www.hepcscotland.co.uk/health-care-professionals/the-sign-guideline/about-the-guideline/index.html
37. Hutchinson SJ, Roy KM, Wadd S, Bird SM, Taylor A, Anderson E, Shaw L, Codere G, Goldberg DJ. Hepatitis C virus infection in Scotland: epidemiological review and public health challenges. Scottish Medical Journal 2006; 51: 8-13
38. McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM, Robertson C, Mills PR, Graham L, Dillon JF, Goldberg DJ. The growing contribution of hepatitis C virus infection to liver-related mortality in Scotland. In Press.
39. British Liver Trust http://www.britishlivertrust.org.uk/home/the-liver/liver-diseases/hepatitis-b.aspx
40. WHOhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/
41. Shooting Up 2007: Infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2007. An update. Health Protection Agency. October 2008 http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1195733837406?p=1191942172215
42. Hutchinson SJ, Wadd S, Taylor A, Bird SM, Mitchell A, Morrison DS, Ahmed S, Goldberg DJ. Sudden rise in uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among injecting drug users associated with a universal vaccine programme in prisons. Vaccine 2004; 23:210-214
43. Belletani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F, Croce L, Brandi G, Sasso F, Cristanini G, Tiribelli C. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in Northern Italy. Ann In Med 2000; 132: 112-117.
44. Clarke JM, Bancati FL, Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1649-1657.
45. Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, Grundy SM, Hobbs HH. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 2004; 40: 1387-1395.
46. Grant et al. Obesity in Scotland an epidemiology briefing 2007 Scot PHOhttp://www.scotpho.org.uk/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=4048&sID=3489
47. Source: General Registrar's Office Scotland.
48. Roberts et al. Trends in mortality after hospital admission for liver cirrhosis in an English population from 1968 to 1999 Gut 2005;54 1615-1621
49. UK Transplant Activity Report 2007-2008 http://www.uktransplant.org.uk/ukt/statistics/transplant_activity_report/current_activity_reports/ukt/tx_activity_report_2008_uk_pp33-37.pdf
50. Wiley TE, McCarthy M, Breidi L, Layden TJ. Impact of alcohol on the histological and clinical progression of hepatitis C. Hepatology 1998; 28: 805-809
51. Better Health, Better Care Action Plan 2007http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/12/11103453/4
52. Leyland et al. Inequalities in Mortality in Scotland 1981-2001 Medical Research Council 2007
53. Nielson Information: data on alcohol sales by volume, June 17th 2008, Scottish Government Health and Community care website http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/health/Alcohol/resources/nielson-data
54. WHO Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm 2007
55. Alcohol policy in the European region; current status and the way forward WHOEURO/10/05
56. Babor et al. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity 2003
57. Anderson and Baumberg Alcohol in Europe 2007
58. The Road to Recovery: A New Approach to Tackling Scotland's Drug Problem 2008http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/05/22161610/0
59. Health Eating, Active Living An action plan to improve diet, increase physical activity and tackle obesity (2008-2011) 2008http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/06/20155902/0
Chapter 4
60. Scottish Health Survey 2003 Chapter 4 Adult Physical Activity http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/11/25145024/50261
61. Leon D and McCambridge J Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950 to 2002: an analysis of routine data. Lancet 2006; 357: 52-56
62. NHS Health Scotland, ISD Scotland, ASH Scotland. An atlas of tobacco smoking in Scotland. Edinburgh, NHS Health Scotland, 2007. http://www.scotpho.org.uk/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=3907&sID=3256
63. Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. Nicotine Addiction in Britain. Royal College of Physicians, London, 2000. http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/nicotine/contributors.htm
64. McPherson K, Britton A, Causer L. Estimating the impact of changes in risk factors. London, National Heart Forum, 2002.
65. Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 2004; 328: 1519
66. World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington DC, AICR, 2007.
67. British Heart Foundation Eating for your heart. http://publications.bhf.org.uk/BHFOnline/publication_view.aspx?ps=1000141
68. Crawford D, Jeffery R eds. Obesity Prevention and Public Health. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005.
69. SIGN Guideline 97 Risk estimation and the prevention of heart disease. http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/93-97/index.html
70. Gruer L, Hart C, Gordon D, Watt G, The relative impact on survival of smoking tobacco, gender and social position: 28 years follow-up of a large prospective community-based study of men and women in the United Kingdom. (in press)
71. Obesity in Scotland. An epidemiological health briefing 2007. Scottish Public Health Observatory. http://www.scotpho.org.uk/home/Publications/scotphoreports/pub_obesityinscotland.asp
72. Gladwell M. The Tipping Point: How little things can make a big difference. Abacus, London, 2000
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