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Appendix 6: Households
Existing measures
Ref | Option |
|---|
- | Building Regulations Scotland 2007 |
- | Energy Performance of Buildings Directive |
- | Energy Efficiency Commitment ( EEC) |
- | Carbon Emission Reduction Commitment ( CERT) |
- | Supplier Obligation |
- | Scottish Housing Quality Standard |
- | Warm Deal and Central Heating Programme |
- | Reduced VAT on energy saving materials |
- | Landlord's Energy Saving Allowance ( LESA) |
- | Home Energy Conservation Act ( HECA) |
- | Market Transformation Programme |
- | Scottish Communities and Householder Renewables Initiative ( SCHRI) |
- | Sustainable Energy Networks (ex EEACs) |
- | Climate Challenge Fund |
- | Climate Change Schools Initiative |
- | Smart Metering |
- | Energy Performance Certificates |
Note: these measures are all included in the baseline and so their emissions savings and associated costs do not appear in the analysis for this report.
Future options
A series of tables are presented for future options:
1. Definition of option, state of deployment
2. Data for 2030
3. Data for 2050
4. Factors influencing deployment, potential, etc.
Ref | Option | Technical measure | State of deployment |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps | Future new policy |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; solar water heating | Future new policy |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; biomass boiler | Future new policy |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Improved insulation; 100% low energy lamps; biomass boiler; solar water heating | Future new policy |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | Full replacement of conventional lamps with CFLs by 2030 and LEDs by 2050 | VA now in place on conventional lights but not included in baseline |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; some floor insulation (2030) + extra insulation options in 2050 | Future new policy; planned Supplier Obligation post 2011 will include some SWI |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | Ground source heat pumps introduced to all possible homes (equivalent to 25m in UK by 2050) | Future new policy |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | PV introduced to half of housing excluding flats | Future new policy (also assumes PV costs fall significantly by 2050) |
D9 | Biomass boilers | Biomass boilers installed in equivalent of 5m UK homes (pro-rata for Scotland) | Future new policy |
D10 | Solar water heating | 80% of suitable homes have solar water heating | Future new policy (or major extension of SCHRI) |
D11 | Micro wind | 1-5kW wind turbines | Future new policy |
D12 | Micro CHP | Fuel cell or Stirling Engine CHP in homes over 100m2 | Future new policy |
Ref | Option | Core data - 2030 |
|---|
Potential | +/- | Key assumptions | Sub-sector | £/t CO 2eq | +/- | Source / Key assumptions |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £367 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £573 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 4% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £583 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 6% | 0% | 15% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £830 | 20% | Based upon Turner & Townsend 2007 |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | 1% | 20% | Conventional lighting fully replaced with CFLs | Existing housing - lighting | £82 | 200% | BRE 2005 |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 10% | 20% | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; some floor insulation | Existing housing - space heating | £16 | 600% | BRE 2005 |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | - | - | Assumed not feasible to install many GSHPs by 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | 4% | 50% | Half of housing excluding flats | Existing housing - electricity | £1,213 | 50% | BRE 2005 |
D9 | Biomass boilers | - | - | Assumed not an option for 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D10 | Solar water heating | 7% | 50% | 80% of all homes less the number which already have SWI | Existing housing - water heating | £305 | 20% | BRE 2005 |
D11 | Micro wind | - | - | Assumed not an option for 2030 | - | - | - | - |
D12 | Micro CHP | 2% | 20% | Just detached housing (proxy for large housing) | Existing housing - water heating | £61 | 50% | CT Micro CHP |
Ref | Option | Core data - 2050 |
|---|
Potential | +/- | Key assumptions | Sub-sector | £/t CO 2eq | +/- | Source / Key assumptions |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 2% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £367 | 20% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 3% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £573 | 40% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 6% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £583 | 20% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | 8% | 0% | 21% of total 2030 housing affected (based on modelled build rate) | New housing | £830 | 40% | Turner & Townsend 2007 (no further cost reductions assumed) |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | 1% | 20% | CFLs fully replaced with LEDs | Existing housing - lighting | -£72 | 50% | BRE 2005 |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | 13% | 20% | 50% of all solid walls insulated; all loft insulation up to 270mm; double glazing; half of floors insulated when replaced/repaired | Existing housing - space heating | £95 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | 33% | 50% | 25 million homes in UK; pro rata for Scotland | Existing housing - space heating | £208 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | 37% | 50% | Half of housing excluding flats; larger area per house than in 2030. | Existing housing - electricity | £1,167 | 100% | BRE 2005 |
D9 | Biomass boilers | 12% | 10% | 5 million homes in UK; pro rata for Scotland | Existing housing - space and water heating | £104 | 20% | BRE 2005 |
D10 | Solar water heating | 7% | 50% | 80% of all homes less the number which already have SWI | Existing housing - water heating | £335 | 30% | BRE 2005 |
D11 | Micro wind | 5% | 0% | 1m x 5kW and 5m x 1kW | Existing housing - electricity | £606 | 100% | BRE 2006 |
D12 | Micro CHP | 2% | 20% | Just detached housing (proxy for large housing) | Existing housing - water heating | £4 | 50% | CT Micro CHP |
Option reference | Option | Influencing factors |
|---|
State of technology | Significant other impact | Type | Other issues |
|---|
D1 | Building standards - 20% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 64 | Mature | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D2 | Building Standards - 30% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Mature | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D3 | Building Standards - 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Newly deployed | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D4 | Building Standards - 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions from 2007 standards in new housing from 2010 | Newly deployed | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory | |
D5 | Regulation or Voluntary Agreement to promote more efficient lighting | CFLs mature; LEDs under development | None | Regulatory or Voluntary | |
D6 | Improved insulation for existing homes | Mature; except for external cladding of cavity walls | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory (e.g. linked to house sales) or Supplier Obligation | |
D7 | Ground source heat pumps | Deployed in other countries; needs further development | Fuel poverty + | Regulatory (in practice difficult to regulate full take-up as major barriers) | Note: effectiveness would be reduced by insulation |
D8 | Photovoltaics ( PV) | Considerable improvement needed to meet cost targets | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | |
D9 | Biomass boilers | Deployed in small numbers | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | Note: effectiveness would be reduced by insulation |
D10 | Solar water heating | Deployed in small numbers | Energy security advantages | Regulatory, grants or Supplier Obligation | |
D11 | Micro wind | Newly deployed | Energy security advantages | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | |
D12 | Micro CHP | Demonstration stage | None | Regulatory or Supplier Obligation | Takes account of improved insulation |
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