Millennium Cohort Study: A User Guide Focussing on Families in Scotland

CHAPTER NINE. EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION

Mother's economic activity at age 3

Table 9.1 Mother's economic activity status by country at age 3

Mother's current economic activity status	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total %
	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
Currently working full-time	12.6	15.8	15.4	22.1	13.2
Currently working part-time	40.6	42.7	47.0	37.8	41.1
Looking after family and home	43.2	37.3	33.5	36.2	42.0
Not employed and seeking work	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.2
Other not employed	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.2
In education or government training scheme	1.1	1.6	1.9	1.1	1.2
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	9811	2200	1785	1434	15230
Of those employed
Works full-time	23.6	27.1	24.7	36.9	24.3
Works part-time	76.4	72.9	75.3	63.1	75.7
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	4687	1197	1101	820	7805

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. This table excludes any natural mothers not interviewed and any fathers or grandparents who completed the main interview. Within country weighted by weight 1, all UK weighted by weight2. Chi-sq = 70.3731, P = 0.0000.

Mothers' education and employment

Table 9.2 Mothers' education qualifications at MCS 2 by Country

Mothers education at MCS 2	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total
Mothers education at MCS 2	England	Wales	Scotland	NI	All UK Total
NVQ 4/5	35.9	34.8	41.1	38.2	36.6
NVQ 3	13.7	15.1	21.7	15.4	15.1
NVQ 1/2	37.6	38.3	27.7	33.9	36.1
OVERSEAS	2.5	1.8	1.5	1.4	2.2
NONE OF THESE	10.3	10.0	8.1	11.3	10.1
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	10050	2226	1793	1440	15509

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers.
Chi -sq = 109.32 P=0.000

Table 9.3a Mother's current economic activity by highest educational achievement - Scotland

Mother's current economic activity status	Mother's highest education (academic or vocational) MCS1				All Scotland total
Mother's current economic activity status	NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	NVQ level 3 A level	NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	Overseas, other unclassified and No qualifications	All Scotland total
Currently employed full-time	21.5	15.1	9.5	(7.9)	15.5
Currently employed part-time	52.1	51.8	44.2	23.4	47.1
Not currently working*	26.4	33.1	46.4	68.7	37.4
Total percent **	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	696	388	517	190	1791
*Of those currently employed*
Works full-time	29.3	22.6	17.7	(25.3)	24.8
Works part-time	70.7	77.4	82.4	(74.7)	75.2
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	516	259	275	59	1109

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step). This table excludes any natural mothers not interviewed and any fathers or grandparents who completed the main interview. * Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education. ** Chi-sq = 143.05 P = 0.0000 for economic activity by NVQ in upper Table only. Degree+ means this level is degree level or above .

Table 9.3b Mother's current economic activity by highest educational achievement - Rest of UK

Mother's current economic activity status	Mother's highest education (academic or vocational) MCS1				Rest of UK total
Mother's current economic activity status	NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	NVQ level 3 A level	NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	Overseas, other unclassified and No qualifications	Rest of UK total
Currently employed full-time	19.8	14.7	8.9	4.1	13.0
Currently employed part-time	49.7	43.3	38.9	17.1	40.7
Not currently working*	30.6	42.1	52.1	78.8	46.3
Total percent **	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	4191	1838	5031	2347	13407
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	28.5	25.3	18.7	19.3	24.3
Works part-time	71.5	74.7	81.3	80.7	75.7
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	2929	1053	2287	423	6692

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step). This table excludes any natural mothers not interviewed and any fathers or grandparents who completed the main interview. * Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education ** Chi-sq = 1359.07 P = 0.0000 for economic activity by NVQ in upper Table only. Degree+ means this level is degree level or above.

Changes in employment status MCS1 to MCS2

Table 9.4a Mother's employment transitions from MCS1 to MCS 2 - Scotland

Mother's employment status at MCS 1	Mother's employment status at MCS 2		Total	Sample Size
Mother's employment status at MCS 1	Employed	Not Employed	Total	Sample Size
Employed	87.5	12.5	100	992
Not employed	29.5	70.5	100	798
All Scotland Total	62.5	37.5	100	1790

Notes to table
Base: All MCS mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and 2.
** Chi-sq = 630.74 P = 0.0000.

Table 9.4b Mother's employment transitions from MCS1 to MCS 2 - Rest of UK

Mother's employment status at MCS 1	Mother's employment status at MCS 2		Total	Sample Size
Mother's employment status at MCS 1	Employed	Not Employed	Total	Sample Size
Employed	84.4	15.6	100	5851
Not employed	25.0	75.0	100	6922
Rest of UK Total	54.7	45.3	100	12773

Notes to table
Base: All MCS mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) in England Wales and NI interviewed in sweep 1 and 2.
** Chi-sq = 4541.09 P = 0.0000.

Table 9. 5a Employed mother's NS-SEC (4) classification at MCS2 by highest education level by MCS1. Scotland

Mothers highest education level	NS-SEC(4)				All Scotland Total
Mothers highest education level	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	All Scotland Total
NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	75.8	37.0	(40.9)	16.2	48.5
NVQ level 3 A level	15.3	32.1	(22.1)	28.8	23.2
NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	(7.7)	28.8	(33.0)	42.5	23.7
Overseas, unclassified and other	(1.3)	(2.2)	(4.0)	(12.5)	4.6
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	443	254	97	289	1083

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) in Scotland Chi-sq = 310.40 p value = 0.00

Table 9.5b Employed mother's NS-SEC (4) classification at MCS2 by highest education level by MCS1 in Rest of UK

Mothers highest education level	NS-SEC(4)				Rest of UK Total
Mothers highest education level	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	Rest of UK Total
NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	74.5	33.7	36.6	18.6	46.4
NVQ level 3 A level	10.0	22.3	16.3	15.6	15.1
NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	14.7	41.2	41.5	52.6	33.6
Overseas, unclassified and other	(0.9)	2.9	5.6	13.2	4.9
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	2423	1593	734	1810	6560

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step) in England Wales and NI . Chi-sq = 1685.51 p value = 0.00

Table 9.6a Mother's economic activity status at child's age 3 by type of ward - Scotland

Mother's current economic activity status	Type of ward at MCS1		All Scotland Total
Mother's current economic activity status	Non-disadvantaged	Other Disadvantaged	All Scotland Total
Currently working full-time	15.2	16.1	15.5
Currently working part-time	49.5	42.8	47.0
Not currently working*	35.4	41.2	37.5
Total percent **	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	924	870	1794
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	23.5	27.3	24.8
Works part-time	76.6	72.7	75.2
Total percent	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	597	512	1109

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step). This table excludes any natural mothers not interviewed and any fathers or grandparents who completed the main interview. * Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education ** Chi-sq = 7.88 P=0.00 for economic activity by area of residence in upper Table only.

Table 9.6b Mother's economic activity status at child's age 3 by type of ward - Rest of UK

Mother's current economic activity status	Type of ward at MCS1			Rest of UK Total
Mother's current economic activity status	Non-disadvantaged	Other Disadvantaged	Minority Ethnic (Disadvantaged)	Rest of UK Total
Currently working full-time	13.9	12.0	8.9	13.0
Currently working part-time	45.1	35.6	16.6	40.6
Not currently working*	41.1	52.5	74.5	46.4
Total percent **	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	5401	6166	1869	13436
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	23.6	25.2	34.8	24.3
Works part-time	76.5	74.8	65.2	75.7
Total percent	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	3259	2960	477	6696

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) in England Wales and NI. This table excludes any natural mothers not interviewed and any fathers or grandparents who completed the main interview. * Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education. ** Chi-sq = 403.67 P=0.00 for economic activity by area of residence in upper Table only.

Table 9.7a Mother's economic activity status by number of children at child's age 3 - Scotland

Mother's current economic activity status	Number of children living in household			All Scotland Total
Mother's current economic activity status	Cohort baby only	Two children	Three or more children	All Scotland Total
Currently working full-time	25.3	14.2	7.9	15.5
Currently working part-time	50.9	48.9	39.2	47.0
Not currently working*	23.8	37.0	52.9	37.5
Total percent **	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	478	876	440	1794
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	33.2	22.5	(16.7)	24.8
Works part-time	66.8	77.5	83.3	75.2
Total percent	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	358	547	204	1109

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step).
* Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education ** Chi-sq = 105.51 P = 0.0000 for economic activity by number of children in upper table only

Table 9.7b Mother's economic activity status by number of children at child's age 3 - Rest of UK

Mother's current economic activity status	Number of children living in household			Rest of UK Total
Mother's current economic activity status	Cohort baby only	Two children	Three or more children	Rest of UK Total
Currently working full-time	20.4	12.4	7.8	13.0
Currently working part-time	45.3	43.7	31.3	40.6
Not currently working*	34.3	43.9	60.9	46.4
Total percent **	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	3251	5974	4211	13436
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	31.0	22.0	20.0	24.3
Works part-time	69.0	78.0	80.0	75.7
Total percent	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	2027	3193	1476	6696

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step).
* Not currently working includes those who were at home looking after the family and home, non-employed and those in education
** Chi-sq = 611.64 P = 0.0000 for economic activity by number of children in upper table only

Table 9.8 Mean weekly hours of employed mothers by whether works full or part-time

Mean weekly hours	Scotland	Scotland	Rest of UK	Rest of UK
Mean weekly hours	Mother works full time at MCS2	Mother works part time at MCS2	Mother works full time at MCS2	Mother works part time at MCS2
	38.4	19.1	39.5	18.2
CI	37.8 - 39.0	18.7 - 19.6	39.1 - 39.9	17.9 - 18.4
N	296	705	1758	4215

Notes to table
Base: MCS1 Employed mothers sample in Scotland or England, Wales or NI.

Father's economic activity at age 3

Table 9.9 Father's economic activity by country at child's age 3

Father's current economic activity status	Country at MCS2				All UK Total %
Father's current economic activity status	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
Employee	73.7	76.0	77.4	68.7	74.0
Self-employed	18.8	15.3	14.3	24.1	18.4
Not employed	7.5	8.7	8.2	7.2	7.6
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	6707	1488	1169	892	10256
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	94.4	94.4	94.9	94.9	94.5
Works part-time	5.6	5.6	5.1	(5.1)	5.5
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	6032	1333	1059	811	9235

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Within country weighted by weight 1, all UK weighted by weight2. Chi-sq= 20.09 P = 0.001.

Table 9.10 Fathers' education qualifications at MCS 2 by country

Fathers education at MCS 2	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total
Fathers education at MCS 2	England	Wales	Scotland	NI	All UK Total
NVQ 4/5	40.2	39.0	41.1	36.0	40.0
NVQ 3	14.2	15.0	20.1	13.9	14.8
NVQ 1/2	32.8	34.5	28.3	36.1	32.7
OVERSEAS	3.6	2.8	(2.0)	(2.1)	3.4
NONE OF THESE	9.1	8.7	8.6	11.9	9.2
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	7484	1634	1397	1023	11538

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers. Chi -sq = 74.78 P=0.006

Table 9.11a Father's current economic activity status at child's age 3 by highest educational achievement at MCS1 - Scotland

Father's current economic activity status	Father's highest education (academic or vocational) MCS1				All Scotland total
Father's current economic activity status	NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	NVQ level 3 A level	NVQ level 1/2 O-level + GCSE	Overseas and other unclassified Qualification None of these	All Scotland total
Employee	86.0	75.4	77.4	64.8	79.1
Self-employed	12.4	(17.4)	14.7	(10.9)	13.9
Not employed	(1.7)	(7.3)	(7.9)	(24.3)	7.0
Total percent*	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	434	236	320	131	1121
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	95.8	96.9	93.7	90.0	95.0
Works part-time	(4.2)	(3.1)	(6.3)	(10.0)	5.1
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	427	215	291	99	1032

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Education is based on education reported in MCS1 and updated with any new qualifications reported in MCS 2.
* Chi-sq=79.97 P = 0.0000 for father's economic activity by NVQ level in upper Table only.

Table 9.11b Father's current economic activity status at child's age 3 by highest educational achievement at MCS1 - Rest of UK

Father's current economic activity status	Father's highest education (academic or vocational) MCS1				Rest of UK total
Father's current economic activity status	NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	NVQ level 3 A level	NVQ level 1/2 O-level + GCSE	Overseas and other unclassified Qualification None of these	Rest of UK total
Employee	81.1	76.2	71.1	56.6	74.3
Self-employed	15.8	19.4	21.4	21.2	18.8
Not employed	3.1	4.4	7.5	22.3	7.0
Total percent*	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	3172	1219	2943	1340	8674
Of those currently employed
Works full-time	95.8	95.5	94.9	85.9	94.5
Works part-time	4.2	4.5	5.1	14.1	5.5
Total percent	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	3067	1144	2678	1008	7897

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Education is based on education reported in MCS1 and updated with any new qualifications reported in MCS 2.
* Chi-sq=523.92 P = 0.0000 for father's economic activity by NVQ level in upper Table only.

Table 9.12a Employed father's NS-SEC (4) by highest education level at MCS1 - Scotland

Fathers highest education level	NS-SEC(4)				All Scotland Total
Fathers highest education level	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	All Scotland Total
NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	71.3	(39.2)	18.8	(8.8)	40.8
NVQ level 3 A level	15.0	(32.5)	27.0	20.2	21.0
NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	10.5	(24.8)	42.7	44.3	27.7
Overseas and other unclassified Qualification None of these	(3.2)	(3.6)	(11.6)	26.6	10.5
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	458	105	293	265	1121

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 fathers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Education is based on education reported in MCS1 and updated with any new qualifications reported in MCS 2.
Note: chi-sq= 412.38 p value - 0.000.

Table 9.12b Employed father's NS-SEC (4) by highest education level at MCS1 - Rest of UK

Fathers highest education level	NS-SEC(4)				Rest of UK Total
Fathers highest education level	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	Rest of UK Total
NVQ level 4/5 Degree+	65.6	48.7	20.2	10.7	41.0
NVQ level 3 A level	12.4	18.3	18.8	11.9	14.5
NVQ level 1/2 O level GSE	18.6	28.1	45.8	50.5	33.1
Overseas and other unclassified Qualification None of these	3.4	(5.0)	15.3	26.9	11.5
Total	100	100	100	100	100
Sample Size	3402	622	2506	2135	8665

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 fathers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Education is based on education reported in MCS1 and updated with any new qualifications reported in MCS 2.
Note: chi-sq= 2434.35 p value - 0.000.

Couples' employment status at age

Table 9.13 Parents' partnerships and economic status by country

Parents' partnerships and economic statuses	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total %
Parents' partnerships and economic statuses	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
Both employed full-time	10.1	12.6	13.7	19.7	10.8
Both employed, father ft and mother pt	33.8	35.5	36.7	30.2	34.1
Both employed, father pt and mother ft	2.2	2.5	(2.5)	(2.3)	2.2
Mother employed, father not employed	2.0	(1.7)	(2.8)	(2.3)	2.1
Father employed, mother not employed	29.6	23.1	23.6	23.0	28.6
Both not employed	4.6	5.7	4.2	(3.7)	4.6
Lone parent employed	6.4	6.3	7.6	7.9	6.4
Lone parent not employed	11.3	12.7	8.8	11.0	11.2
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	8646	1949	1432	1152	13179

Notes to table
All MCS2 mothers and fathers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. Excludes mothers whose partners did not complete the interview (approximately 2,056 cases) and interviews completed by grandparents or proxy interviews. Weighted by all UK weight. Chi-sq = 90.07 P = 0.0000.

Employed parents' NS-SEC statuses

Table 9.14 Employed mother's NS-SEC by country

Mother's socio-economic status	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total %
Mother's socio-economic status	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
High managerial/professional	7.8	7.0	7.9	7.0	7.7
Low managerial/professional	31.5	34.7	34.2	31.5	31.9
Intermediate	24.4	21.7	23.3	27.8	24.2
Small employer & self-employed	8.5	5.6	5.8	5.2	7.9
Low supervisory	3.9	5.1	3.6	2.8	3.9
Semi-routine	17.4	18.2	18.0	19.8	17.6
Routine	6.6	7.7	7.2	5.9	6.7
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	4591	1178	1074	804	7647

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employed mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1 whose occupations were known. Within country weighted by weight 1. All UK weighted by weight 2. Chi-sq = 22.94 P = 0.08.

Table 9.15 Employed father's NS-SEC when child aged 3 by country

Father's socio-economic status	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total %
Father's socio-economic status	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
High managerial/professional	15.7	11.2	14.5	11.0	15.2
Low managerial/professional	29.7	29.0	26.7	22.1	29.1
Intermediate	7.5	7.3	9.1	10.2	7.8
Small employer & self-employed	14.7	12.4	11.2	20.9	14.6
Low supervisory	12.5	16.4	15.9	12.3	12.9
semi-routine	9.3	9.0	9.1	8.3	9.3
routine	10.6	14.8	13.4	15.0	11.2
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	6656	1476	1164	885	10181

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employed fathers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. Excludes proxy fathers and other carers who completed the partner interview (mothers and grandparents). Within country weighted by weight 1. All UK weighted by weight 2. Chi-sq = 64.13 P = 0.0000

Employed mother's atypical working patterns

Table 9.16 Employed mother's working at atypical hours per week, by country

Mother's working weekly atypical hours	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total
Mother's working weekly atypical hours	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total
Works after 6 pm*	35.4	33.4	35.4	30.4	35.1
Works nights**	10.8	10.8	11.5	9.8	10.8
Works Saturdays***	13.7	15.2	16.2	10.5	14.0
Works Sundays****	8.4	9.8	8.8	(4.1)	8.4
Unweighted sample size	4779	1205	1107	826	7917

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employed mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1, who reported working these atypical patterns on a weekly basis. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.
*Chi-sq = 4.91 P = 0.25.
** Chi-sq = 4.03 P=0.28
*** Chi-sq=16.86 P = 0.01.
**** Chi-sq=19.09 P = 0.01.

Table 9.17a Employed mother's atypical weekly working patterns by NS-SEC - Scotland

Mother's working weekly atypical hours	Mothers NS-SEC (4)				All Scotland Total
Mother's working weekly atypical hours	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	All Scotland Total
Works after 6 pm*	34.7	20.8	(49.0)	45.1	35.4
Works nights**	13.6	(4.2)	(12.0)	17.5	12.2
Works Saturdays***	(7.5)	10.4	(33.0)	30.9	16.4
Works Sundays****	(4.5)	(5.9)	(13.3)	17.9	9.0
Unweighted sample size	447	254	98	290	1089

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) who reported working these atypical patterns on a weekly basis. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.
*Chi-sq = 80.94 P = 0.000.
** Chi-sq = 46.84 P=0.000
*** Chi-sq=139.13 P = 0.000.
**** Chi-sq=85.94 P = 0.000.

Table 9.17b Employed mother's atypical weekly working patterns by NS-SEC - Rest of UK

Mother's working weekly atypical hours	Mothers NS-SEC (4)				Rest of UK Total
Mother's working weekly atypical hours	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Small employer, self-employed & low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	Rest of UK Total
Works after 6 pm*	35.2	22.5	43.4	43.8	35.2
Works nights**	10.2	5.6	12.4	15.8	10.7
Works Saturdays***	7.9	7.4	24.0	24.3	13.7
Works Sundays****	5.5	4.5	10.6	15.4	8.3
Unweighted sample size	2457	1605	758	1849	6669

Notes to table
Base: All employed MCS2 mothers in England Wales and UK (natural, adoptive, foster and step), who reported working these atypical patterns on a weekly basis. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.
*Chi-sq = 411.45 P = 0.000.
** Chi-sq = 226.83 P=0.000
*** Chi-sq=524.36 P = 0.000.
**** Chi-sq=354.12 P = 0.000.

Employee mother's use of flexible working arrangements

Table 9.18 Percent of employee mothers in each country who reported using flexible working arrangements with their current employer at age 3

Mothers report of flexible working arrangements used	Country				All UK Total	P value
Mothers report of flexible working arrangements used	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total	P value
Part-time working	64.6	64.3	60.0	44.3	63.4	0.00
Job-sharing	8.6	7.8	11.2	6.7	8.7	0.02
Flexible working hours	30.0	30.4	27.4	27.7	29.7	0.29
Working at or from home occasionally	14.0	10.9	11.2	7.8	13.3	0.00
Working at or from home all the time	3.0	(2.3)	(1.5)	(1.7)	2.8	0.08
Special shifts (i.e. evenings, school hours)	16.9	17.4	15.3	10.6	16.6	0.00
9-day fortnights/ 4.5 day working week	1.3	(1.3)	(1.1)	(2.3)	1.3	0.28
School term-time contracts	7.8	9.8	5.7	7.6	7.7	0.01
Ability to change from full to part-time	24.0	22.4	20.5	22.6	23.5	0.41
None of these	10.4	11.9	11.4	19.2	10.8	0.00
Unweighted maximum sample size	4279	1109	1025	775	7188

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employee mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1.

Table 9.19a Percent of employee mothers in each NS-SEC group who reported using flexible working arrangements with their current employer, by NS-SEC (4) at child's age 3 - Scotland

Mother's flexible working arrangements used	Mother's NS-SEC				All Scotland Total	P value
Mother's flexible working arrangements used	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	All Scotland Total	P value
Part-time working	53.2	64.4	(57.6)	68.3	60.3	0.00
Job-sharing	15.1	(12.4)	(10.1)	3.8	11.1	0.00
Flexible working hours	30.6	33.1	(31.1)	17.1	27.6	0.00
Working at or from home occasionally	19.0	(10.0)	(10.1)	0.7	11.4	0.00
Working at or from home all the time	(1.3)	(2.9)	(3.8)	0.3	(1.5)	0.04
Special shifts (i.e. evenings, school hours)	13.4	(13.2)	(8.2)	23.0	15.8	0.00
9-day fortnights/ 4.5 day working week	(1.2)	(1.5)	(0.0)	0.4	1.0	0.56
School term-time contracts	(5.7)	(5.5)	(7.0)	5.7	5.7	0.98
Ability to change from full to part-time	26.4	21.3	(22.2)	10.3	20.5	0.00
None of these	12.7	(10.1)	(15.2)	9.5	11.3	0.47
Unweighted maximum sample size	427	254	(40)	290	1011

Notes to table
Base: All employee MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed. Note: This table is based on employees only. Employees were asked "which, if any, of these arrangements have you made use of in your current main job, or, plan to make use of".

Table 9.19b Percent of employee mothers in each NS-SEC group who reported using flexible working arrangements with their current employer, by NS-SEC (4) at child's age 3 - Rest of UK

Mother's flexible working arrangements used	Mother's NS-SEC				Rest of UK Total	P value
Mother's flexible working arrangements used	Managerial & professional	Intermediate	Low supervisory & technical	Semi-routine & routine	Rest of UK Total	P value
Part-time working	58.2	66.7	57.1	71.7	64.1	0.00
Job-sharing	11.2	10.0	(6.0)	3.6	8.6	0.00
Flexible working hours	32.4	33.7	26.3	22.4	29.8	0.00
Working at or from home occasionally	24.0	10.3	(4.0)	1.6	13.3	0.00
Working at or from home all the time	3.4	4.3	(0.7)	1.0	2.9	0.00
Special shifts (i.e. evenings, school hours)	13.7	15.0	25.7	22.1	16.9	0.00
9-day fortnights/ 4.5 day working week	2.2	1.1	(0.8)	0.3	1.3	0.00
School term-time contracts	8.4	7.1	(6.1)	8.5	8.0	0.32
Ability to change from full to part-time	29.8	26.8	22.3	11.8	23.7	0.00
None of these	11.2	10.1	14.8	9.9	10.7	0.12
Unweighted maximum sample size	2307	1604	275	1849	6035

Notes to table
Base: All employee MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step). Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed. Note: This table is based on employees only. Employees were asked "which, if any, of these arrangements have you made use of in your current main job, or, plan to make use of".

Table 9.20 Percent of employee mothers in each country with access to employer-provided family-friendly arrangements by country at child's age 3

Employers' offers of family friendly provisions	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total	p value
Employers' offers of family friendly provisions	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total	p value
Financial help with childcare/childcare vouchers	9.5	5.5	5.7	4.3	8.7	0.00
Workplace nursery or crèche	5.3	5.2	2.9	1.5	4.9	0.00
Other nurseries supported by employer	1.0	1.1	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.65
Help with finding childcare facilities away from the workplace	2.8	1.7	3.0	1.4	2.7	0.06
Care for children after school hours or during school holidays	6.0	6.0	6.1	4.5	5.9	0.45
Time off for family emergencies	53.2	57.8	53.2	60.0	53.7	0.00
Career breaks for personal reasons	7.0	8.5	9.8	6.9	7.4	0.13
Paternity leave	1.9	2.2	2.3	1.3	2.0	0.51
Parental leave	15.9	15.8	18.7	17.2	16.2	0.43
A telephone to use for family reasons	44.3	50.0	46.3	50.3	45.1	0.00
None of these	24.4	20.5	24.5	19.7	24.1	0.00
Unweighted sample size	4202	1104	1021	770	7097

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employee mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed. Note: This table is based on employees only therefore does not include self employed mothers. Employees were asked "which, if any, of these arrangements have you made use of in your current main job, or, plan to make use of".

Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working at age 3

Table 9.21 Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working, by country

Mothers' reasons why not currently employed	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total	P value
Mothers' reasons why not currently employed	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total	P value
Prefer to be at home looking after family	64.8	60.0	56.4	70.2	63.7	0.00
Prefer to look after children myself	59.4	59.4	55.9	47.2	57.9	0.00
I cannot earn enough to pay for childcare	11.4	11.3	7.9	8.6	10.7	0.07
I cannot find suitable childcare	4.7	5.8	7.6	(3.4)	5.1	0.00
There are no suitable jobs for me	10.1	8.2	10.8	(5.1)	9.9	0.18
I am on a training course	3.0	(4.3)	(3.0)	(1.6)	3.1	0.00
My family would lose benefits if I was earning	4.0	(4.8)	(3.7)	(2.9)	4.0	0.34
I am caring for an elderly or ill relative or friend	1.8	(2.9)	(1.9)	(3.3)	2.1	0.04
I prefer not to work	5.2	(2.7)	(6.8)	(3.7)	4.9	0.41
My husband/partner disapproves	2.1	(0.5)	(1.1)	(0.4)	1.6	0.05
I have a new baby	9.3	7.9	9.2	(6.2)	8.8	0.03
Other	11.0	12.1	16.3	9.4	11.6	0.00
Maximum unweighted sample size	4619	892	600	529	6640

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers who were no working, nor seeking work when cohort child aged 3, (natural, adoptive, foster and step) including 692 families who were not interviewed at MCS1. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.

Table 9.22a Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working at MCS2 by partner's employment status at MCS2 Scotland

Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS2	Partner employed at MCS 2			All Scotland Total	P value
Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS2	Employed Full time	Employed Part time	Non-employed	All Scotland Total	P value
Prefer to be at home looking after family	62.2	(45.0)	(57.4)	60.8	0.20
Prefer to look after children myself	57.1	(53.5)	(44.7)	55.3	0.31
I cannot earn enough to pay for childcare	(7.9)	(0.0)	(12.1)	(8.1)	0.20
I cannot find suitable childcare	(5.1)	(4.3)	(7.7)	(5.4)	0.69
There are no suitable jobs for me	(9.5)	(18.2)	(16.5)	(10.9)	0.14
I am on a training course	(1.9)	(7.0)	(0.0)	(1.9)	0.21
My family would lose benefits if I was earning	(1.9)	(0.0)	(9.4)	(2.7)	0.02
I am caring for an elderly or ill relative or friend	(2.0)	(4.3)	(3.3)	(2.3)	0.65
I prefer not to work	(9.5)	(0.0)	(1.7)	(8.0)	0.05
My husband/partner disapproves	(2.1)	(7.0)	(0.0)	(2.1)	0.30
I have a new baby	(10.9)	(0.0)	(2.7)	(9.3)	0.09
Other	(14.0)	(8.5)	(26.5)	15.3	0.08
Unweighted cases sample size	287	(19)	53	359

Notes to table
Base: MCS2 mothers in Scotland who were not employed at the MCS2 interview and had partners. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.

Table 9.22b Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working at MCS2 by partner's employment status at MCS2 Rest of UK

Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS2	Employed Full time	Employed Part time	Non-employed	Rest of UK Total	P value
Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS2	Partner employed at MCS 2			Rest of UK Total	P value
Prefer to be at home looking after family	68.0	69.8	66.0	67.9	0.64
Prefer to look after children myself	63.3	62.7	55.8	62.3	0.00
I cannot earn enough to pay for childcare	11.2	(4.9)	7.8	10.4	0.00
I cannot find suitable childcare	3.8	(3.0)	(2.0)	3.5	0.10
There are no suitable jobs for me	9.2	(9.8)	8.9	9.2	0.93
I am on a training course	2.4	(1.6)	(2.3)	2.3	0.70
My family would lose benefits if I was earning	1.7	(4.2)	(6.9)	2.6	0.00
I am caring for an elderly or ill relative or friend	1.6	(1.9)	(5.1)	2.1	0.00
I prefer not to work	5.7	(6.9)	(4.8)	5.6	0.66
My husband/partner disapproves	2.4	(2.7)	(1.5)	2.3	0.47
I have a new baby	11.1	(6.9)	11.3	10.8	0.17
Other	9.3	(9.0)	16.8	10.3	0.00
Unweighted cases sample size	2666	304	633	3603

Notes to table
Base: MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI who were not employed at the MCS2 interview and had partners. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.

Table 9.23a Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working at MCS2 by household income at MCS2 Scotland

Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS 2	Income Poverty status at MCS 2		All Scotland Total	P values
Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS 2	Above 60% median income level	Below 60% median income level	All Scotland Total	P values
Prefer to be at home looking after family	62.7	46.3	56.2	0.00
Prefer to look after children myself	62.2	48.9	56.9	0.00
I cannot earn enough to pay for childcare	(6.7)	(9.7)	(7.9)	0.15
I cannot find suitable childcare	(5.8)	(10.0)	(7.5)	0.07
There are no suitable jobs for me	(10.6)	(13.6)	11.8	0.22
I am on a training course	(1.9)	(5.2)	(3.2)	0.02
My family would lose benefits if I was earning	(1.4)	(8.4)	(4.2)	0.00
I am caring for an elderly or ill relative or friend	(1.6)	(3.1)	(2.2)	0.21
I prefer not to work	(9.8)	(2.4)	(6.8)	0.00
My husband/partner disapproves	(2.0)	(0.0)	(1.2)	0.15
I have a new baby	(12.6)	(5.7)	9.9	0.02
Other	(13.5)	(17.7)	15.1	0.18
Unweighted cases sample size	288	225	513

Notes to table
Base: MCS2 mothers in Scotland who were not employed at the MCS2 interview. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.

Table 9.23b Non-employed mothers' reasons for not working at MCS2 by household income at MCS2 Rest of UK

Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS 2	Income Poverty status at MCS 2		Rest of UK Total	P values
Mothers' reasons why not currently employed at MCS 2	Above 60% median income level	Below 60% median income level	Rest of UK Total	P values
Prefer to be at home looking after family	67.5	58.5	63.5	0.00
Prefer to look after children myself	63.0	55.5	59.7	0.00
I cannot earn enough to pay for childcare	11.3	13.4	12.2	0.06
I cannot find suitable childcare	3.9	6.5	5.0	0.00
There are no suitable jobs for me	9.8	11.2	10.4	0.18
I am on a training course	2.7	3.9	3.2	0.03
My family would lose benefits if I was earning	2.0	7.3	4.3	0.00
I am caring for an elderly or ill relative or friend	1.7	2.8	2.2	0.03
I prefer not to work	6.2	3.4	5.0	0.00
My husband/partner disapproves	2.1	1.6	1.9	0.38
I have a new baby	11.0	7.7	9.5	0.00
Other	9.6	12.9	11.1	0.00
Unweighted cases sample size	2162	2609	4771

Notes to table
Base: MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI who were not employed at the MCS2 interview. Columns do not add to 100 percent as multiple responses allowed.

Changes in parent's employment from 9-10 months to age 3

Table 9.24a Changes in mother's employment status and hours of work from 9-10 mths to age 3 Scotland

Mother's employment status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Mother's employment status when cohort child aged 3			Total	Sample Size
	Full-time	Part-time	non-employed	Total	Sample Size
Full-time	65.8	24.7	9.5	100	296
Part-time	8.6	77.8	13.5	100	705
non-employed	3.9	25.9	70.2	100	809
All Scotland Total	15.9	46.7	37.4	100	1810

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2, therefore excluding 692 families who were not interviewed at sweep one. Chi-sq = 1212.90 P = 0.0000

Table 9.24b Changes in mother's employment status and hours of work from 9-10 mths to age 3 Rest of UK

Mother's employment status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Mother's employment status when cohort child aged 3			Total	Sample Size
	Full-time	Part-time	non-employed	Total	Sample Size
Full-time	62.0	26.0	12.0	100	1758
Part-time	9.8	72.9	17.3	100	4215
non-employed	4.6	21.3	74.1	100	7090
Rest of UK Total	14.1	40.9	45.0	100	13063

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2, therefore excluding 692 families who were not interviewed at sweep one. Chi-sq = 7690.36 P = 0.0000

Table 9.25a Changes in father's employment status and hours of work from 9-10 mths to age 3 Scotland

Father's employment status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Father's employment status when cohort child aged 3			Total	Sample Size
	Full-time	Part-time	non-employed	Total	Sample Size
Full-time	95.4	(2.5)	(2.2)	100	889
Part-time	(44.5)	(45.3)	(10.2)	100	(26)
non-employed	31.0	14.2	54.8	100	108
All Scotland Total	87.8	4.7	7.5	100	1023

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employed fathers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2. Chi-sq= 499.51 P = 0.0000

Table 9.25b Changes in father's employment status and hours of work from 9-10 mths to age 3 Rest of UK

Father's employment status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Father's employment status when cohort child aged 3			Total	Sample Size
	Full-time	Part-time	non-employed	Total	Sample Size
Full-time	94.2	2.7	3.1	100	6666
Part-time	46.3	44.0	(9.7)	100	384
non-employed	35.8	11.6	52.5	100	825
Rest of UK Total	87.9	5.0	7.1	100	7875

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 employed fathers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2. Chi-sq= 3235.43 P = 0.0000

Changes in parents' combined partnership and economic status

Table 9.26a Parents' partnerships and economic statuses at child's age 9-10 months and age 3 - Scotland

Partnership and economic status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Partnership and economic status when cohort child aged 3								Total percent	Unweighted sample size
	Both employed full-time	Both employed, father ft and mother pt	Both employed, father pt and mother ft	Mother only employed	Father only employed	Both not employed	Lone parent employed	Lone parent not employed	Total percent	Unweighted sample size
Both employed full-time	62.8	23.5	(1.2)	(0.0)	(9.1)	(0.4)	(2.9)	(0.0)	100	202
Both employed, father ft and mother pt	(7.6)	71.1	(1.7)	(1.5)	12.0	(0.3)	(4.2)	(1.6)	100	430
Both employed, father pt and mother ft	(5.8)	(22.2)	(49.9)	(9.3)	(5.8)	(3.5)	(0.0)	(3.5)	100	(20)
Mother only employed	(11.0)	(15.4)	(9.8)	(31.9)	(7.9)	(4.9)	(19.1)	(0.0)	100	(43)
Father only employed	(3.2)	24.1	(1.5)	(0.4)	59.4	(3.4)	(2.5)	(5.6)	100	366
Both not employed	(0.9)	(6.8)	(4.8)	(9.6)	(20.4)	(38.5)	(0.9)	(18.2)	100	90
Lone parent employed	(2.6)	(15.7)	(1.0)	(4.5)	(1.9)	(0.0)	(57.6)	(16.7)	100	84
Lone parent not employed	(0.0)	(3.1)	(0.0)	(2.9)	(13.5)	(8.6)	(17.5)	54.4	100	136
All Scotland total	13.2	35.8	2.6	2.8	24.4	4.4	8.0	9.0	100	1371

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 families in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step mothers and fathers) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2, excluding mothers whose partners were not interviewed. Other carers and proxy interviews are excluded. Chi sq=2226.06 P = 0.0000

Table 9.26b Parents' partnerships and economic statuses at child's age 9-10 months and age 3 - Rest of UK

Partnership and economic status when cohort child aged 9-10 months	Partnership and economic status when cohort child aged 3								Total percent	Unweighted sample size
	Both employed full-time	Both employed, father ft and mother pt	Both employed, father pt and mother ft	Mother only employed	Father only employed	Both not employed	Lone parent employed	Lone parent not employed	Total percent	Unweighted sample size
Both employed full-time	54.5	24.1	1.8	2.2	12.5	0.7	3.8	0.5	100	1262
Both employed, father ft and mother pt	7.4	68.5	1.6	1.2	15.7	0.5	4.0	1.1	100	3006
Both employed, father pt and mother ft	(10.8)	31.7	34.6	(3.9)	(13.6)	(3.0)	(1.7)	(0.7)	100	179
Mother only employed	(11.6)	(21.9)	(9.0)	22.9	(15.8)	(8.3)	(5.0)	(5.4)	100	239
Father only employed	3.1	21.0	1.4	1.5	60.5	3.5	2.6	6.3	100	3453
Both not employed	0.6	3.1	1.4	2.9	25.8	43.9	3.3	19.0	100	792
Lone parent employed	(5.6)	(10.5)	(1.8)	(1.5)	(3.7)	(0.5)	56.9	19.5	100	421
Lone parent not employed	0.3	3.9	0.5	0.9	9.0	6.1	12.4	66.9	100	1417
Rest of UK total	10.6	34.3	2.2	2.0	29.6	4.6	6.0	10.8	100	10769

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 families in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step mothers and fathers) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2, excluding mothers whose partners were not interviewed. Other carers and proxy interviews are excluded. Chi sq=15400.0 P = 0.0000

Mother's new qualifications by age 3

Table 9.27 Whether mothers had acquired new qualifications by MCS2 country

Acquired new qualifications since cohort child was 9-10 months old	Country at MCS 2				All UK Total %
	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
Yes	16.9	19.9	15.3	18.3	16.9
No	83.1	80.1	84.7	81.7	83.1
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	9093	2185	1779	1429	14486

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2,who gave valid information.
Chi-sq=6.83 P =0.02

Table 9.28a Mother's new qualifications by MCS2 by NVQ level at MCS1 - Scotland

Mothers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	Level of original MCS 1 qualification				All Scotland Total
Mothers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	NVQ level 4/5	NVQ level 3	NVQ level 1/2	Overseas qualification only None of these	All Scotland Total
percent Yes	18.0	14.7	13.3	(9.8)	15.2
Unweighted sample size	678	387	520	200	1785

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2 who had acquired a new qualification since sweep one interview.
Chi-sq = 9.78 P=0.01 in upper table only.
Note: Figures assume an NVQ qualification at any level is higher than an overseas qualification; and an overseas qualification is higher than 'None'.

Table 9.28b Mother's new qualifications by MCS2 by NVQ level at MCS1- Rest of UK

Mothers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	Level of original MCS 1 qualification				Rest of UK Total
Mothers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	NVQ level 4/5	NVQ level 3	NVQ level 1/2	Overseas qualification only None of these	Rest of UK Total
percent Yes	19.6	20.2	16.6	7.5	17.1
Unweighted sample size	3874	1726	4869	2210	12679

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 mothers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2 who had acquired a new qualification since sweep one interview.
Chi-sq = 133.15 P=0.000 in upper table only
Note: Figures assume an NVQ qualification at any level is higher than an overseas qualification; and an overseas qualification is higher than 'None'.

Father's new qualifications by age 3

Table 9.29 Whether fathers had acquired new qualifications by MCS2 by country

Acquired new qualifications since cohort child was 9-10 months old	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	All UK Total %
Yes	20.6	22.9	17.4	17.9	20.3
No	79.4	77.1	82.7	82.1	79.7
Total %	100	100	100	100	100
Unweighted sample size	5719	1312	1029	775	8835

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2, excluding those with missing information.
Chi-sq=6.69 P = 0.02

Table 9.30a Father's new qualifications by MCS2 by NVQ at MCS1- Scotland

Fathers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	Level of original MCS 1 qualification				All Scotland Total
Fathers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	NVQ level 4/5	NVQ level 3	NVQ level 1/2	Overseas qualification only None of these	All Scotland Total
Percent Yes	18.2	21.5	16.0	(12.8)	17.9
Unweighted sample size	400	232	277	102	1011

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers in Scotland (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2 who had acquired a new qualification since sweep one interview.
Chi-sq = 4.34 P =0.00 in upper table only.
Note: Figures assume an NVQ qualification at any level is higher than an overseas qualification; and an overseas qualification is higher than 'None'.

Table 9.30b Father's new qualifications by MCS2 by NVQ level at MCS1 - Rest of UK

Fathers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	Level of original MCS 1 qualification				Rest of UK Total
Fathers acquired new qualification by MCS 2	NVQ level 4/5	NVQ level 3	NVQ level 1/2	Overseas qualification only None of these	Rest of UK Total
Percent Yes	21.1	23.2	20.3	13.7	20.4
Unweighted sample size	2845	1136	2573	1058	7612

Notes to table
Base: All MCS2 fathers in England Wales and NI (natural, adoptive, foster and step) interviewed in sweep 1 and followed-up in sweep 2 who had acquired a new qualification since sweep one interview.
Chi-sq =27.92 P =0.00 in upper table only.
Note: Figures assume an NVQ qualification at any level is higher than an overseas qualification; and an overseas qualification is higher than 'None'.

Page updated: Wednesday, December 19, 2007

Scottish Government