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REFERENCES
1. McKendrick, J. and Smith, N. with Branosky, N. and Scott, G. (2006). A Scoping Study For The Evaluation Of Closing The Opportunity Gap. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
2. Department for Work and Pensions, (2006). Households Below Average Income, 2004/05. London: DWP.
3. Scottish Executive, (2006). Scottish Households Below Average Income, 2004/05. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
4. McKendrick, J, and Smith, N. with Branosky, N. and Scott, G. (2006). A Scoping Study For The Evaluation Of Closing The Opportunity Gap. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
5. Male claimants aged 60-64 receiving Pension Credit only: In November 1981 unemployed males aged 60-64 were permitted to claim Income Support rather than unemployment benefit. This change was identified by the Unemployment Unit as Change No. 5 of the 31 changes to the measurement of unemployment up to 1994 - all but one of which reduced the count of unemployed. This benefit entitlement has since transferred to Pension Credit, the successor to Income Support for this group. The treatment by DWP of males aged 60-64 in receipt of Pension Credit as being within the working age benefit claimants group (and covered by PSA targets for employment among the over 50s) and JCP target arrangements (according to which males aged 60-64 on Pension Credit fall into priority group 2, treated as equivalent in priority to long-term unemployed people) indicate that this group of claimants are acknowledged as working-age unemployed rather than of pension age. For this reason the evaluator believes they should be included in the group of individuals classed as "workless and dependent of DWP benefits". People receiving Severe Disablement Allowance ( SDA): New Claimants who would previously have qualified for SDA now qualify for a particular type of Incapacity Benefit instead. Thus it is inconsistent to include all IB claimants within the definition but not SDA recipients who meet the same eligibility criteria, but who are receiving a different benefit because their claim began before 2001.
6. See http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/06/12094904/0
http://www.nationalpriorities.org.uk
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2001/06/9337/File-1
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/03/16755/1995
7. www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/07/28090808/0
8. Scottish Executive, (2006) More Choices, More Chances. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/06/13100205/10 .
9. Scottish Executive, (2006). Workforce Plus: An Employability Framework For Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/06/12094904/0
10. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Social-Inclusion/17415/CtOG-targets/ctog-target-c
11. All Working for Health participants have been unemployed for 6 months or more.
12. The target has been interpreted by the Scottish Executive as requiring an average annual percentage improvement of 6.1% / 2.1% for the period 2003-2008, rather than a yearly percentage improvement which increases to reach 6.1% / 2.1% by 2008. The 'most deprived communities' have been interpreted as the 20% most deprived areas according to the Carstairs Index.
13. Average annual percentage improvements will generally be referred to as annual improvement, averages having been taken over the period quoted in any particular instance.
14. Average annual percentage improvement. This average is the geometric mean - rather than the arithmetic mean - of the yearly percentage improvements. That is, it is the percentage improvement which, when applied n times, produces the total percentage improvement observed over n years.
15. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Health/health/Inequalities/P2010
16. See Target D data tables for numbers. The 14 deaths per year figure quoted is based on the fact that the 20% most deprived areas as identified by the Carstairs Index contain 20% of the population of Scotland, which is currently 20% of around 5 million, or 1 million. Therefore, 1.4 deaths per 100,000 in the 20% most deprived areas equates to around 14 deaths.
17. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/education/fcsr-00.asp
18. Scottish Executive. (2006). Quality Improvement Framework For Integrated Services For Children And Young People- Annex A: Key Performance Improvement Indicators. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/04/27135008/0
19. The Scottish Executive (2004) Guidance For Integrated Children's Services Plans 2005-2008 stated that initial ICSPs were required by 1 st April 2005, with annual progress updates produced in April each year (paras, 13, 31-31) - http://www.scottishexecutive.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/1181/0009990.doc
20. http://www.nationalpriorities.org.uk
21. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/11/20176/45852
22. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/11/20178/45862#1 ; http://www.acurriculumforexcellencescotland.gov.uk
23. Statistical Bulletin Education Series Edn/B1/2006/1: Pupils In Scotland, 2005. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/02/28083932/0
24. Scottish Executive. (2005). Social Focus On Deprived Areas 2005. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/SocialFocusOnDeprivedAreas
25. For further details see Scottish Executive (2006). Statistics Publication Notice: Education Series: SQA Attainment and School Leaver Qualifications in Scotland: 2004/05. para 3.11. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/03/09080409/0
26. Scottish Executive. Children's Social Work Statistics 2003-04. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20121/45472
27. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/03/19113/34719
28. 15 year olds are below the minimum school leaving age in Scotland
29. Barn, R. et al. (20005). Life After Care: The Experiences Of Young People From Different Ethnic Groups. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. http://www.jrf.org.uk/KNOWLEDGE/findings/socialpolicy/0285.asp
30. Biehal, N, et al. (1995). 'Leaving Care In England: A Research Perspective'. Children and Youth Services Review, 16 (3/4). pp. 231-254. See also Corlyon, J and McGuire, C. (1997). Young Parents In Public Care. London: National Children's Bureau.
31. Scottish Executive (2005) Looked After Children 2005-06. Press release. 16 th Nov. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2006/11/16102111
32. Scottish Executive (2006) High Level Summary Of Statistics: Key Trends For Scotland 2006. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/06/20135022/9
33. Scottish Executive (2006). Looked After Children 2005-06. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/12/08105227/0
34. Johnston, K. (2006). Report Of 6 Month Monitoring Of Progress Toward CtOG Target H. Mimeo.
35. Although caution is urged as changes in the indicator set for income may imply that not all changes to Deprived Area status are directly attributable to changes in income status.
36. See the SIMD 2006 Technical Report for further information - http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/10/13142913/0
37. Financial Services Agency Credit Union Statistics. http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Doing/small_firms/unions/pdf/stats04.pdf
38. Hayton, K. et al. (2005). Scottish Credit Unions - Meeting Member Demands and Needs. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2005. Available online - http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/03/20809/54222
39. Palmer, G. et al., (2006). Monitoring Poverty And Social Exclusion In Scotland, 2006. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation . New Policy Institute. Available online at - http://www.npi.org.uk/reports/scotland%20mpse%202006.pdf
40. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/1034/0040751.doc
41. Blount, G, (2005), 'Ghosts Of Christmas Past: The Poor Pay More'. Scottish Anti Poverty Review, issue 2, Winter, pp. 14-16.
42. Gillespie, M. et al. (2007). Money Advice for Vulnerable Groups: Final Evaluation Report. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Available online at - http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/03/22115958/0
43. Hurcombe, M (2004) Banking On Change: Increased Access To Banking Services By People With Learning Disabilities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Voluntary Sector Forum for Services to People with Learning Disabilities & FAIR Ltd.
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