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Footnotes
1. It is argued that the phenomenon of vulnerable adults has been an enduring aspect of history, with numerous historical references in literature, theatre, folklore and anthropological data.
2. See Martin (1984) and Manthorpe, Penhale, and Stanley (1999).
3. It should be noted that the literature within the mental health field remains limited, although pressure groups advocate on behalf of such victims (see POPAN: Witness against abuse by health and care workers) (Brown and Keating, 1998; Williams, 1995; Williams and Keating, 2000).
4. See Commission for Social Care Inspection and Healthcare Commission: Joint Investigation into provision of services for people with learning disabilities at Cornwall Partnership NHS Trust, July 2006; Healthcare Commission Investigation into the service for people with learning disabilities provided by Sutton and Merton Primary Care Trust, January 2007.
5. The Scottish Executive's (2005b) consultation reported widespread disagreement with the modified Action on Elder Abuse definition.
6. See 'How good is your throughcare and aftercare service?' and 'Looked after children and young people: we can and must do better': Scottish Executive, 2007b.
7. See also the Scottish Petanque Association, Granite City Wanderers Hockey Club, and Anniesland College.
8. See Catholic Office for the Protection of Children and Vulnerable Adults; and Churches Child Protection Advisory Service www.ccpas.co.uk.
9. See 12 articles within the Human Rights Act 1998.
10. Advocacy agencies list can be seen at : http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/social_care/people_with_mental_health_problems/CEC_advocacy
11. See http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/abuse.html.
12. A receivership is the state or condition of an individual over whom a receiver has been appointed for protection of assets for the benefit of creditors.
13. A Power of Attorney is a document that authorizes one or more persons to make decisions on behalf of another concerning assets and financial affairs.
14. See also the support organisations Public Concern at Work www.pcaw.co.uk, and Freedom to Care www.freedomtocare.org.
15. See Free Personal and Nursing Care Scotland, 2002-2 - 2005-6 (Scottish Executive, 2007) ( http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/06/22152540/0 ).
16. See http://www.epolitix.com/EN/Legislation/200603/04e93aa7-84cf-46db-8f44-049b79c745b4.htm.
17. See http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/bills/73-ProtVulGro/b73s2-introd.pdf .
18. An electronic version of the SIAA directory of advocacy organisations in Scotland is available at: http://www.siaa.org.uk/directory.php.
19. See www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_04zPzhtm; this definition is from Merck source, Resource library.
20. Please note also the trafficking offence in section 4 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatments of Claimants, etc) Act 2004, in which the definition of exploitation is linked to mental illness or disability, and the Discussion paper on Rape and other Sexual Offences (Discussion 131) from the Scottish Law Commission (2006).
21. See http://www.stmaryscentre.org/ .
22. See Sense (1999) Factsheet 1, http://www.sense.org.uk/word_documents/fact1.html .
23. See http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/News-Extras/sexualabuse .
24. See http://www.survivorscotland.org.uk .
25. See http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/law/stra-00.asp .
26. There is also an extensive literature on abuse in gay and lesbian relationships (see bibliography at http://www.psychpage.com/gay/library/gay_lesbian_violence/references.html.
27. The following links on the Scottish Executive website list the numerous documents published in Scotland on the issue of domestic abuse and violence against women http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/Recent. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/Recent.
28. See http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/UKlaw/oap1861/ .
29. See editorial BMJ 2002: 'Preventing domestic violence'; and Lane and Beales, 1998: 'Health promotion in relation to domestic violence'; Swanson, 2000: 'Abuse against women a public health issue'
30. See also www.zerotolerance.org.uk;
www.cadv.org.uk; www.unison.org.uk/healthcare/pages_view.asp?did=490; www.met.police.uk/dv/;
www.bbc.co.uk/relationships/domestic_violence/;
www.thisislondon.co.uk/galleries/gallery-23361194-detail/Domestic+Violence+Campaign/pos-1-image/gallery.do
31. See also http://east-ayrshire.gov.uk/crpadmmin/agendas/pr/nov%202001/east%20ayrshire%20zero%20tolerance%20group%20report.pdf .
32. See also The Prevention of domestic violence against women: good practice models at http://www.eurowrc.org/03.network/17.network.htm.
33. See http://www.dgmhsd.scot.nhs.uk/advinfsupvolage/ddwomaid.htm .
34. In North America many states have developed specific refuges for older people who are victims of domestic violence
35. See http://www.angus.gov.uk/bestvalue/consultation/objectives/MCNeedsProposal.pdf.
36. See www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/page.cfm?pagecode=ISRGAV;
www.rethink.org/how_we_can_help/our_services/advocacy.html.
37. See http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/social_care/people_with_mental_health_problems/CEC_advocacy .
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