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Annex 1: Technical Summary of Research

Introduction

This annex provides more details about the research activities and methodologies used in this study. The research was conducted in a series of stages. Each of these stages is now discussed in turn.

Literature Review

A detailed literature review was conducted at the outset of the research. The literature review comprised analysis of:

• Scottish Executive policy and guidance documents,
• Scottish Parliament briefings on antisocial behaviour,
• previous reports and evaluations on antisocial behaviour polices and interventions in Scotland, and
• selected policy documents, evaluations and reports from other parts of the UK.

The literature review was used to familiarise the research team with the legislative and policy context of antisocial behaviour in Scotland; to ground the research in existing evidence; to identify key issues relating to tackling antisocial behaviour and to identify good practice principles and successful local initiatives. Relevant websites and web-based material was included in the review. Key guidance and good practice documents and web links to these documents are provided in Annex 2. In addition, research instruments available from previous evaluations, such as interview schedules, survey questions and data analysis were reviewed for their potential use in our study. The purpose of this exercise was to use robust research instruments that had been proven to be successful in previous evaluations and to ensure that our findings were comparable with those of other studies. The literature review was conducted between February and April 2006, with new and updated material being reviewed as it became available throughout the study. The good practice Annex was produced in May 2007 to ensure that it was as up to date as possible.

Local Authority-Level case studies in four selected Scottish Local Authorities

The four local authorities selected for case studies were identified by the Scottish Executive and the research team in consultation with key policy stakeholders in Scotland. The local authorities were selected in order to ensure coverage of a range of antisocial behaviour issues and interventions in a range of socio-economic and geographical contexts (for example including a rural dimension). The final selection also sought to avoid replicating other on-going research evaluations. The four selected case study local authorities were: City of Edinburgh Council, Fife Council, North Lanarkshire Council and Scottish Borders Council. The local authority-level case studies were conduced between March and June 2006. Each of the case studies utilised the same methodology.

A review of relevant policy documents, reports and research evaluations

A review of documents was undertaken in each case study local authority. The documents included draft and final versions of the antisocial behaviour strategies for each local authority and their antisocial behaviour outcome and framework agreements. In addition, documents and web-based materials for each local authority were analysed, including community safety strategies, neighbourhood renewal strategies, housing strategies and youth strategies. Previous research evaluations were reviewed along with policy documents and statements, minutes and reports from key stakeholder organisations in each local authority. Antisocial behaviour publicity materials and local media reports relating to antisocial behaviour were also examined. The research team attended a number of multi-agency conferences and seminars in each local authority area during the course of the research.

Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders

At least five interviews were conducted in each local authority area with Antisocial Behaviour Partnership Co-ordinators; Local Authority Community Safety Managers; Senior Police Officers; Senior Officers in Local Authority Housing Services Departments; and representatives of the Procurator Fiscal Service and the Children's Hearing System. The interviews were based on a series of questions developed in consultation with the Research Advisory Group and interviews lasted between 45 minutes and 60 minutes. The interviews explored the development of antisocial behaviour strategies and interventions, partnership working; the nature of antisocial behaviour and the main issues, successes and challenges with antisocial behaviour strategies in each local authority area. The interviews also contributed to the selection of the case study neighbourhoods.

Selection of the case study neighbourhoods

Two case study neighbourhoods were selected in each of the four local authority areas. The selection process was driven by a number of factors, as set out below.

• Selecting neighbourhoods that were identified by local authorities as having existing antisocial behaviour problems and which were already subject to a range of interventions. This enabled us to build on existing work that local authorities were required to undertake in identifying localities for intervention and enabled us to draw on expert local knowledge, including the views of local Council and police officers.
• Ensuring that our definitions of neighbourhoods were meaningful to local residents and practitioners. Site visits were carried out by members of the research team to each of the potential case study neighbourhoods. This enabled the researchers to explore the neighbourhoods' size, physical form, physical boundaries and their sense of community identity and distinctiveness amongst local people. This resulted in a variation in the population size of the neighbourhoods, but ensured that neighbourhoods were of an appropriate spatial and social scale as well as improving the robustness of the household survey sample. In discussion with local practitioners we also defined neighbourhoods that took account of administrative areas and areas of intervention and specific initiative operations.
• Seeking to build our neighbourhoods using small area data. Our neighbourhoods were constructed in part through utilising data zones available through the Scottish Neighbourhoods Statistics ( SNS) website. This enabled demographic and socio-economic information to be analysed at a spatial scale which was significantly more fine-grained than wards or other administrative boundaries.
• Matching the selection of each individual neighbourhood to the overall neighbourhood sample across the study to ensure diversity but also comparability between antisocial behaviour issues and interventions

The process of finalising and demarcating the case study neighbourhoods involved:

• examination of key strategies and policy documents to identify a range of potential case study neighbourhoods,
• discussion with local practitioners, the Scottish Executive research manager and the Research Advisory Group to refine our selection,
• gathering reports and evaluations from the case study neighbourhoods,
• conducting further discussions and interviews with local practitioners,
• developing basic statistical data on each of the neighbourhoods based on data zones analysis utilising the SNS website, and
• site visits to the case study neighbourhoods to improve our local knowledge and understanding and to refine and finalise the neighbourhood boundaries.

It should be acknowledged that the research operated within a range of geographies in the case studies. For example, the data zone areas did not uniformly match exactly our neighbourhood boundaries, and similarly police beats or initiative intervention areas may not have mapped exactly on to other geographies. However, the access to localised knowledge and data enabled us to give greater priority to residents' definitions of neighbourhood and the actual sites where antisocial behaviour occurs than may have been the case if we had been required to work at a larger geographical scale based solely on administrative boundaries.

More detailed descriptions, SNS data and maps for each neighbourhood are provided at the end of this Annex. As Table A1.1 indicates, although there was variation in population sizes, the extent of the range of household numbers in each neighbourhood was limited. This enhanced comparability between the study areas. It should be noted that the actual populations within the finalised neighbourhood boundaries will have been smaller (as the figures include areas of data zones outside the neighbourhoods) and that therefore the household survey sample comprised between 15 to 20-percent of total households in each neighbourhood. It should also be noted that the geographical size of most of the neighbourhoods was similar.

Table A1.1: Population and Household Numbers

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.
(1) This does not include significant new build development.

Population Characteristics, Tenure and Deprivation

Our SNS analysis showed that females comprised the majority of the population in all of the case study neighbourhoods (ranging from 51% to 53%). All of the neighbourhoods had at least a fifth, and in the case of Broomhouse in Edinburgh, a quarter, of their population in the 10-24 year age group. The Scottish Borders neighbourhoods had lower proportions of this age category. There was considerable variation between data zones in the proportion of pensioners in each neighbourhood, but the general picture was one of large groups of very young and elderly populations which were likely to have impacted significantly on community dynamics and perceptions of antisocial behaviour.

In terms of tenure, there was considerable variation between the data zones in each neighbourhood, but all of the neighbourhoods comprised a majority of social rented housing. In some neighbourhoods there were very high levels of social housing although the majority of neighbourhoods included significant proportions of owner occupied properties and some private rented accommodation. The proportion of owner occupied properties was likely to have increased since the 2001 Census through new build and Right to Buy. In at least two of the case study neighbourhoods, new build developments were reported to have had a considerable impact on the nature and perceptions of antisocial behaviour and the levels of complaints about antisocial behaviour to local agencies

The neighbourhoods were relatively deprived, although there was some variation in the levels of employment and income deprivation between data zones within each of the case study neighbourhoods. Data from the 2006 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and 2006 Scottish Index of Crime Deprivation revealed that the majority of neighbourhood data zones were in the most deprived two deciles on both indexes.

Tables A1.2 and A1.3 show how our selection of case study neighbourhoods provided a range of geographical and socio-economic contexts and also were based on a spectrum of antisocial behaviour problems and agency responses, as identified at the time of neighbourhood selection.

Table A1.2: Key features of the case study neighbourhoods

Table A1.3: Key features of the case study neighbourhoods: antisocial behaviour

Neighbourhood Case Studies

Research was conducted in each of the eight case study neighbourhoods between June 2006 and March 2007. The eight case studies included the same four components: a household survey, interviews, focus groups, and an analysis of relevant data.

Household Survey

A household doorstep survey was conducted of 200 households in each neighbourhood by Management Information Scotland Ltd. The main findings of the survey are described in Chapters 5 and 6 of this report and a full description of the survey methodology, additional findings and a copy of the survey questionnaire are presented in Annex 3 of this report. In addition, the survey research team noted down qualitative comments from residents and made observations about the physical environment in each neighbourhood. The survey findings were also compared with national survey data, including the Scottish Crime Survey and the Scottish Household Survey.

Interviews

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in each case study neighbourhood. The interviews were conducted with housing and police officers, community wardens, youth workers and local retailers.

Focus Groups

Focus groups with young people were held in each case study neighbourhood. These were facilitated in partnership with local youth projects operating in each neighbourhood. In some neighbourhoods an additional focus group was held with adult residents, facilitated in partnership with local agency staff and tenants and residents associations.

Analysis of Crime Figures and Police Command and Control Data

Recorded criminal offences for each local authority area and case study neighbourhood were analysed and compared to national-level data. The analysis included figures for recorded incidents of vandalism and fire-raising, drawn from data provided by the Scottish Executive Statistical Bulletin Criminal Justice Bulletin. Command and Control data for each case study neighbourhood was also accessed from Fife, Lothian and Borders and Strathclyde Police Forces. These figures record complaints received by the police about antisocial behaviour, such as youth and public disorder. The classification of offences, the geographical areas used in the analysis and the time periods analysed varied slightly between police forces. In addition, an analysis was undertaken of antisocial behaviour incidents recorded by North Lanarkshire Antisocial Behaviour Task Force. The findings of these three types of analysis are presented in Chapter 3 of the main report.

Economic Evaluation of Antisocial Behaviour Initiatives

An economic evaluation was conducted of 12 antisocial behaviour initiatives operating within the four case study local authorities. Community warden and mediation schemes in all each of the local authorities were evaluated. In addition, the Early Intervention Families Project (City of Edinburgh Council); the Safer Neighbourhoods Team (Fife Council); the Night Noise Service (North Lanarkshire Council) and the Freephone Antisocial Behaviour Helpline (Scottish Borders Council) were also evaluated. A full description of the methodology and findings of the economic evaluation is provided in Annex 4 of this report.

Interviews with Victims and Witnesses of Antisocial Behaviour

Forty six semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone with individuals who had witnessed or been victims of antisocial behaviour. The interviews asked individuals about the types of antisocial behaviour they had experienced, the impact that antisocial behaviour had on their lives, their reasons for reporting (or not reporting) incidents to local agencies, and their perceptions of the efficacy of local agency responses where they had reported incidents. The sample was drawn from participants in the household survey indicating that they had been victims or witnesses of antisocial behaviour and that they were willing to take part in a further stage of the research. Eighty individuals were identified on this basis. From this sample, attempts were made to construct a representative sample using the following criteria, drawn from information provided in the household survey:

• neighbourhood of residence,
• gender,
• age,
• housing tenure,
• type(s) of antisocial behaviour experienced,
• whether the antisocial behaviour had or had not been reported to a local agency, and
• general levels of satisfaction with agency responses amongst those who had reported an incident.

In the event, it proved difficult to encourage many potential participants to be interviewed, and 41 individuals were interviewed. As Table A 1. 4 shows, half of the interviews were conducted with individuals who were resident in the two Fife neighbourhoods.

Table A1.4: Victims and Witnesses of Antisocial Behaviour by Neighbourhood

25 interviewees were female and 16 were male. This over-representation reflects, but is greater than, the over-representation of females in the initial household survey (see Annex 3). The entire sample consisted of individuals describing themselves as 'White Scottish.' The sample was over-representative of older age groups, with no respondents in the 16-24 age grouping and only three in the 25-34 age grouping. The majority of individuals had lived in their neighbourhood for over five years and half (22) had lived in their neighbourhood for over ten years. A slight majority of the interviewees were living in social-rented housing, with just over four in ten being owner-occupiers.

In order to address the lack of interviewees from Edinburgh and the Scottish Borders, attempts were made to identify additional participants from the Scottish Household Survey panels. These attempts generated an additional two interviews from individuals residing in Edinburgh and three from the Scottish Borders (but not from the case study neighbourhoods). The findings from the interviews with victims and witnesses of antisocial behaviour are presented in Chapter 6 of the main report.

Descriptions of the Case Study Neighbourhoods

This section of the annex provides further information about the case study neighbourhoods. For each neighbourhood, a brief description of the neighbourhood is followed by tables describing the key population, housing and deprivation statistics for the eight case study neighbourhoods. The data is drawn from the Scottish Neighbourhoods Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk. The data is presented at data zone level, and aggregated in some cases. Finally, a map is provided of each neighbourhood.

Broomhouse, Edinburgh

Broomhouse is an estate comprising mainly social rented properties located on the western edge of the city of Edinburgh. Two of the four datazones within the neighbourhood were ranked within the most deprived 10-percent of neighbourhoods of deprived areas in Scotland. Just under 3,000 (2,987) people lived in the area in 2001 with a tenure mix of around 55-percent Local Authority, 40 percent owner-occupiers and 5 percent private-rented tenants . In Broomhouse the predominant housing type is low-rise, family housing organised around shared stairwells and closes, whilst the North Sighthill area of the neighbourhood was dominated by a number of high-rise tower blocks. The neighbourhood had very clearly defined geographical boundaries and was enclosed on three sides by two major arterial roads and a railway line. The neighbourhood was served by a range of local facilities including a small shopping centre, a primary and secondary school, a community centre mainly catering for adult residents, a youth project, a food co-operative and a community empowerment project. There was a small operational office in Broomhouse forming a shared base for the community concierge service, the local police beat officers and other agencies working in the area but the main neighbourhood office was located a couple of miles away in Wester Hailes. Medical and library facilities were sited in North Sighthill. During the case study selection process, Broomhouse was identified by practitioners in Edinburgh as being a stigmatised area of multiple deprivation with traditionally high levels of crime and antisocial behaviour, linked in particular to substance misuse, territorial fighting between rival gangs and a poor physical environment. However, the area was also selected as a case study because it was perceived to have benefited from a range of interventions that had reduced levels of antisocial behaviour in the neighbourhood.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Broomhouse Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish National Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Muirhouse, Edinburgh

Muirhouse is a large housing estate on the north-west edge of Edinburgh. The estate was built in the 1950s. The predominant built form of properties are flats within multi-storey blocks. The tenure mix in the estate has become more diverse with a number of housing associations now providing accommodation along with Edinburgh City Council and a small but growing owner-occupied sector. The estate is bordered by major roads on three sides and a private housing development on its western edge. The estate is an area of multiple deprivation which has experienced high levels of unemployment and related social problems and in particular a significant drugs, and related crime problem in the 1980s which reinforced its continuing poor local reputation. The estate has been subject to major regeneration activity, including demolition and refurbishment of properties, but it continues to be comparatively deprived in relation to both Edinburgh and Scotland. The neighbourhood is served by a shopping centre, including a library and a number of community-based projects. Muirhouse was perceived to be experiencing high levels of antisocial behaviour, including disputes between neighbours, conflicts between adults and young peoples and to continue to suffer from drugs and alcohol-related disorder and some serious and organised criminality.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Muirhouse Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Abbeyview, Dunfermline, Fife

Abbeyview is a large housing development on the south-eastern periphery of Dunfermline. The neighbourhood was experiencing higher levels of deprivation than both Fife and national averages. The neighbourhood comprises adjacent, but markedly different housing developments, with around half of the homes being in the owner-occupied tenure. The majority of social-rented housing in Abbeyview is provided by Fife Council, with the predominant housing form being 1950s terraced houses and three-storey flats. There had been some demolition activity as part of wider regeneration programmes in the area, although the general physical condition of the neighbourhood remained a concern for practitioners and residents at the time of the research. Abbeyview contains a number of small retail units and local Council and Regeneration Offices as well as two community centres and a community school. Although the neighbourhood had a traditionally poor local reputation there had been recent improvements. Antisocial behaviour was reported to include underage drinking and the misuse of alcohol by adults and the area also had a reputation for gang-related disorder. Although incidents of drug-related antisocial behaviour and crime did occur, the neighbourhood was regarded as having a less extensive and serious drugs problem than some other neighbourhoods in Fife.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Abbeyview Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Methil, Fife

The Fife town of Methil forms the core of a number of local communities which grew as a result of heavy industry including coal mining and docks. The decline of traditional industries resulted in the population of Methil experiencing high levels of unemployment and associated social, health and other deprivation problems. Methil is amongst the five percent most deprived wards in Scotland and one of the datazones in Methil is the most deprived in Fife. Just over half of households are in the social rented sector, whilst four in ten households are owner-occupiers. The town is relatively well served by local retail facilities and there are two primary schools and a community high school in the area. Although the types and extent of antisocial behaviour varied between areas of Methil, the town was perceived to be experiencing both minor antisocial behaviour and more serious drugs-related crime and antisocial behaviour and antisocial behaviour linked to alcohol misuse.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Methil Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Carfin, North Lanarkshire

Carfin and the adjacent Jerviston areas are located to the north east of Motherwell. The area is relatively self-contained, with its border defined by major roads. The neighbourhood comprised two distinct sub-areas: a development of local authority cottage-style flatted properties and a large new build private development. There are a couple of small general grocery stores within the area although residents are required to go outside the neighbourhood for most other facilities and services Although the neighbourhood is less deprived than most of the other case study localities and has not traditionally experienced high levels of antisocial behaviour, it was selected as a case study because the new build development had led to increasing inter-tenure social tensions, linked in particular to the use of public space by young people and local agencies were receiving a growing number of antisocial behaviour-related complaints from local residents.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

It should be noted that there was considerable new build private development within this neighbourhood that was not captured in the above statistics. This new build had increased the population and the rate of owner-occupation in the neighbourhood at the time of the research.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Carfin Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Whinhall, Airdrie, North Lanarkshire

Whinhall is located in the north of Airdrie, one of several urban settlements that comprise the North Lanarkshire local authority area. The case study neighbourhood was clearly bounded by main roads on its southern, eastern and western boundaries and a disused railway line on its northern boundary. The predominant housing form was flats within cottage-style local authority properties. There was a small amount of housing association and private rented stock. Most of the owner-occupied properties in the neighbourhood were ex-Council properties acquired through Right to Buy. In the south western quarter of Whinhall a number of roads converged into a central hub. The northern part of the neighbourhood was separated from the rest of Whinhall by a low lying area of public space, known as the Glen. This was a green area, although during research site visits, it was observed that a considerable amount of litter and dumped items had accumulated in this area. There were a number of small general grocery stores in the study neighbourhood, which was within close distance of Airdrie town centre. In 2001, the population of the neighbourhood was 3068, comprising 1306 households. 22 percent of the population were aged under-25 years. Whinhall was a relatively deprived neighbourhood, with three in ten of the working age population on unemployment-related benefits or programmes and a third of households receiving income benefits or credits. During the case study selection process, Whinhall was identified by Council and police officers operating at a local authority strategic level as having significant antisocial behaviour problems, including environmental crimes and degradation in public spaces. The north eastern area of the Whinhall neighbourhood in particular was reported to experience high levels of antisocial behaviour, serious crime and drug dealing, and police officers reported that this estate was experiencing amongst the highest levels of antisocial behaviour in the Airdrie area.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Whinhall Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zone Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Burnfoot, Hawick, Scottish Borders

Burnfoot is a housing estate located on the edge of the Scottish Borders town of Hawick. Although Burnfoot is perceived locally to be somewhat isolated from the rest of Hawick, the centre of the estate is located within a mile of the town centre. The neighbourhood has suffered, like the rest of Hawick, from the decline of the local textile industry which was the traditional source of local employment. Burnfoot was developed after the Second World War by the local authority. The estate is moderate to low density comprising predominately family-sized homes. Approximately six in ten properties were social rented and four in ten were in the owner-occupied tenure by 2001. The majority of social-rented properties are now managed by the Scottish Borders Housing Association (following local authority housing stock transfer with a small amount of stock also managed by another housing association. The neighbourhood includes a small shopping centre with small retail outlets and a supermarket and the neighbourhood appeared to be well maintained physically. The local primary school is also used to host community events and activities. The neighbourhood has a poor local reputation although antisocial behaviour was reported to be confined to particular localities and to primarily involve neighbour disputes and disorder attributed to the congregation of young people in public spaces.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Burnfoot Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zones Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk

Langlee, Galashiels, Scottish Borders

Langlee is a suburb of Galashiels, comprising a housing development built on a steep slope overlooking the River Tweed. The neighbourhood comprises two distinct areas: Upper and Lower Langlee. The estate was developed in the 1950s and 1960s to accommodate workers in the textile and subsequently electronic industries. The decline in the these industries have contributed to the levels of unemployment in Langlee, which along with Burnfoot in Hawick, has the highest levels of deprivation in the Scottish Borders. The predominant housing form was flats and maisonettes. Scottish Borders Housing Association was the main housing provider in the neighbourhood (following the local authority stock transfer), although some homes in Upper Langlee were provided by another housing association, whilst five-percent of the stock was provided by private landlords. Owner-occupation ranged from 45-percent in Upper Langlee to 20-percent in Lower Langlee. The estate was physically well maintained, with little evidence of environmental degradation. The neighbourhood contains the only children's residential unit in the Scottish Borders The estate contained a number of retail premises including a post office, hairdressers, chip shop, Chinese fast food outlet, a small supermarket and a public house. There was an established student population in the neighbourhood as well as a small number of Polish, Portuguese, Chinese and Thai households. Although practitioners identified considerable improvements in Langlee, the estate had a poor local reputation. Antisocial behaviour in the neighbourhood was reported to include that involving the use of public space by young people and incidents of noise and rowdy behaviour, sometimes linked to the misuse of alcohol.

Population (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Housing Tenure (2001)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Based on figures for data zones using data from the 2001 Census.

Employment and Income Deprivation (2002)

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
(1) Percentage of working age population on unemployment claimant count in receipt of IB or SDA or compulsory New Deal participants. (2) Percentage of adults and children in households receiving key income benefits or credits. (3) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004.

Multiple Deprivation and Crime Deprivation Index Deciles 2006

Source: SNS Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO.
Note: 1 indicates the most deprived decile and 10 the least deprived decile.

Map of Langlee Neighbourhood Showing SNS Data zones Boundaries

Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website: www.sns.gov.uk
© CrownCopyright. All rights reserved. Scottish Executive 100020540 2004

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