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Footnotes
1. The following databases were examined for relevant literature on criminal justice, community care and child protection: Assia, Sociological Abstracts, Social Science Abstracts, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts, IBSS, Social Care Online and Web of Knowledge.
2. False negatives occur where high risk cases are assessed as no-risk and false positives occur where no-risk cases are assessed as high risk.
3. See www.scotland.gov.uk/childrensservicesbill for a full version of the draft Bill.
4. The term 'responsibilisation' was coined by Rose (1996) to describe the process of generating self-discipline and hence culpability when things go wrong. Critics argue that it focuses too much on individual rather than structural change (see also Kemshall, 2002).
5. It would seem that empowerment in community care has been driven from the grass roots by service users themselves, whereas in child protection, social workers and allied child- and family-centred organisations may advocate on behalf of children or families' rights to participation and empowerment.
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