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Footnotes

1. See Appendix Four for a list of these indicators and further detail.
2. These authorities were: Aberdeen City, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire.
3. The number of wardens in Orkney subsequently increased to 4. This figure is used in later Chapters of the report.
4. An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the warden schemes is being undertaken as part of the Evaluation of Antisocial Behaviour Strategies at Neighbourhood Level.
5. Twelve schemes fell into this category: Aberdeen, Dundee, East Ayrshire, Edinburgh, Fife, Glasgow, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, and West Dunbartonshire.
6. The Appendix 1Tables are denoted with the prefix A1.
7. The repeat interview rates for the 9 case study areas were: Aberdeen, 100%; Dumfries and Galloway, 83%; Dundee, 64%; Edinburgh, 86%; East Renfrewshire, 85%; Inverclyde, 53%; Orkney, 87%; Perth and Kinross, 73%; and South Lanarkshire, 79%. For the 2 control areas the rates were: Edinburgh, 84% and Perth and Kinross, 96%.
8. . The extent to which there were specific factors operational in the control areas that may have impacted upon perceptions is looked at in greater detail in Paragraph 12.26.
9. There were similarities on the following variables: Neighbourhood Rating (Table A2.1); Community Involvement (Table A2.2); Safety (Tables A2.3 and A2.4); Noisy Neighbours (Table A2.5); Vandalism (A2.8); Groups or individuals intimidating and harassing others (A2.11); and Rowdy Behaviour (Table A2.20). For each of these variables respondents were asked to give a rating on a 4 point scale. For the Neighbourhood Rating this ranged from the neighbourhood being seen as a "Very Good" place to live to a "Very Poor" place. The variables relating to the incidence of antisocial behaviour asked respondents to indicate how common each was on a scale ranging from "Very Common" to "Not at all Common". Full details are given in the Appendix.
10. These were Dumfries and Galloway, East Renfrewshire, Edinburgh, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Shetland, South Lanarkshire and Stirling
11. Flexible deployment of wardens refers to wardens being deployed throughout a local authority area, and at times, when there is need. This contrasts with the deployment of wardens within defined, small areas, working set shifts, as is currently the case in most schemes.
12. This changed focus is not, however, reflected in the analysis of wardens' incidents (see Table 5.4).
13. Of the 32 schemes only 12 provided details of the people specifications looked for when recruiting wardens.
14. The "smiley face" traffic management system is a speed camera which is set up at the side of the road. The device measures the speed of approaching cars and displays a "smiley face" if motorists are below the speed limit and a "frowny face" if above the limit. There are no fixed penalty powers associated with the wardens' use of this system.
15. Although acting as a professional witness was included in the job descriptions of wardens in all areas, this duty had not yet been required in a number of areas.
16. Pattern fire spots refer to the situation when fires break out at regular times in the same places.
17. The Total Community Policing approach was a pilot scheme introduced in the Torry area of Aberdeen. This is a multi-agency partnership approach designed to identify and meet community needs and shift the police force's emphasis from being reactive to having a greater community focus. This is expected to form the template for future policing operations in Grampian.
18. Relationships with the community are dealt with in Chapter Seven.
19. The templates were submitted in June/July 2006.
20. For example, Dumfries and Galloway (both schemes), South Lanarkshire and Shetland Isles expect to have completed their compacts by early 200A3. Renfrewshire on the other hand does not expect its 14 Estate Management Agreements (in effect compacts) to be in place until 2013.
21. The representatives were members of tenants' and residents' groups and community councillors. They were identified through the wardens' managers who generally had regular contact with them through attendance at meetings.
22. These views contrast with the findings of the base and endline surveys that found a high level of recognition and little change between the 2 survey dates (see Paragraph 14.2).
23. The indicators measured reported theft of motor vehicles and reported break-ins to motor vehicles.
24. They are sometimes referred to as Police Community Support Officers ( PCSOs).
25. For example, the evaluations of the English and Welsh and the Northern Ireland warden schemes.
26. Restorative warnings were introduced in Scotland in 2004 and involve the police issuing warnings to young offenders (aged 8 to 15). The process involves the police making a formal recorded intervention which is intended to reduce the risk of re-offending. It is hoped that by doing this the young person will become aware of the impact of their activity and will modify their behaviour (Scottish Executive, 2004).
27. The 2004/05 (year 1) local authority figure was 76, the year 2 figure 73
28. All 5 wardens from Perth and Kinross responded to the survey. The majority indicated that they felt their greatest impact was on dealing with abandoned vehicles and fly tipping.
29. For example there has been a 63% increase between the base and endline surveys in those who rate their neighbourhood as being "Very Good", whilst those who feel "Very" or "Fairly Safe" when walking after dark has increased by 89%.
30. The schemes that selected this indicator were Angus, the 2 Dumfries and Galloway schemes, Fife and Shetland.
31. Scottish Executive (2006) Recorded Crime in Scotland, 2005/2006.
32. The schemes that selected this indicator were Aberdeen, Angus, Dumfries and Galloway (Dicks Hill and Belmont), Dundee, Edinburgh, Orkney, Perth and Kinross, Shetland, and South Lanarkshire.
33. The schemes that selected this indicator were Aberdeen, Angus, Dumfries and Galloway (North West Dumfries) and North and South Lanarkshire.
34. The schemes that selected this indicator were Dundee, Fife and North Lanarkshire.
35. The Appendix 2 Tables are denoted with the prefix A2.
36. For example the Scottish Household Survey shows that the percentage of respondents who gave up time to help as an organiser/volunteer over the last 12 months fell from 26.4% in 1999-00 to 23.5% in 2003-04.
37. One tentative explanation for this may be that wardens lack enforcement powers.
38. The warden schemes manager is also Antisocial Behaviour Co-ordinator for the whole of the local authority and therefore is familiar with actions across the authority.
39. "Liveability", as used in the report, is a concept that covers social inclusion, environmental improvements, reducing crime and the fear of crime and deterring antisocial behaviour.
40. The data is in Appendix 2, Table A2.5, 2.8, 2.11, 2.14 and 2.17.
41. There were not comparable questions in the SHS for the base/endline question about rowdy behaviour. There were also slight variations between some of the survey and SHS questions.
42. Statistically this relationship was significant at the 0.05 level.
43. Focus groups with 31 older residents were carried out in Aberdeen (15), Dundee (6) and Orkney (10) and focus groups with 53 young people were undertaken in Aberdeen (7), Dumfries (8), Dundee (12), Inverclyde (12), Orkney (6) and Perth (8). It was not possible to arrange focus groups in the other case study areas either as the timescale was too short or it proved difficult to contact groups who were willing to co-operate.
44. The Tables referenced in this Chapter are in Appendix 2 and are denoted by the prefix A2.
45. These 6 types of antisocial behaviour were: Noisy Neighbours or Regular Loud Parties, Vandalism and Graffiti, Intimidation, Drug Misuse, Rubbish and Litter and Rowdy Behaviour.
46. The breakdown of responses was that 44% of respondents felt that the wardens had an impact, 12% felt that they had not and 44% did not know.
47. It may also be that residents are more willing to report certain types of antisocial behaviour than others. For example, things such as litter and vandalism might be reported without any fear of reprisals as often there may be no obvious perpetrator. Other types of antisocial behaviour (such as noisy neighbours) may not be reported because of a fear that those reporting may be targeted by the perpetrator.
48. Paragraph 13.6 makes the point that some wardens felt that their impact decreased over time as young people realise that they had limited powers and therefore, after a while, reverted to their previous behaviours. The findings from this focus group seem to confirm this.
49. Despite this, satisfaction with the training that had been provided was high, with 87% of survey respondents feeling that they had received the appropriate level of training to allow them to do their job effectively.
50. This is currently being piloted by the Executive in North Ayrshire and Aberdeen City. They are currently procuring databases to facilitate the exchange of information corporately. Evaluation of this pilot will be undertaken in 2007/08..
51. The implication of this is that giving the wardens enforcement powers should be considered very carefully as they may then, in some people's eyes, be seen as an extension of the police.
52. It does need to be acknowledged that the Aberdeen scheme (which is managed by the police) does not seemed to have suffered because of this link. Other managers, however, felt that being seen to be too close to the police would be detrimental to community relationships, especially with young people.
53. The Community Intelligence Report ( CIR) is compiled by wardens from information obtained during patrols.
54. New Deal is a government programme to give unemployed people the help and support they need to get into work. Funding for wardens recruited under New Deal is therefore additional to that received from the Scottish Executive.
55. Combined Services covers land based services such as parks, environmental services and community safety.
56. The Community Intelligence Unit sits within the Council's Antisocial Behaviour Team and collates community intelligence from a range of partners including the police, the wardens, environmental services and the fire service.

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