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Cathy Howieson Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh
Jim McKechnieChild Employment Research Group, University of Paisley
Sheila SempleCentre for Studies in Enterprise, Career Development & Work, University of Strathclyde

The Department of Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning

ISBN 0 7559 6301 6 (Web only publication)

This document is also available in pdf format (2.4MB)

C ontents

Acknowledgements

Executive Summary

Section A The Research: Background and Methodology

Structure of Section A

Chapter 1 School pupils' part-time employment: introduction and context
The Research
Research Aims
Background: existing research
Traditional view of pupils' part-time employment
The potential of part-time work to contribute to wider educational goals
The quality of part-time employment
The recognition of school pupils' part-time employment
The structure of the report

Chapter 2 Methodology
The sources
Definitions and variables

Section B Nature and Extent of Part-Time Employment

Structure of Section B

Chapter 3 The extent of school pupils' part-time employment in Scotland
The Department of Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning
Definitions of part-time work and workers
Part-time work: a majority experience
Part-time working varies by locality
Limited differences according to pupils' Standard Grade level
Family background - the importance of contacts
Part-time work and family self employment
Some differences according to living arrangements
Part-time working varies by pupils' ethnic background
Part-time employment among pupils with a disability: age is a factor
Pupils in independent schools are less involved in part-time work
Disengaged pupils are not more involved in part-time work
Do enterprising attitudes and part-time working go together?
Pupils' career focus and their part-time work status
Part-time work in the context of other demands on pupils' time
Overview

Chapter 4 Predicting which pupils are likely to have a part-time job
Introduction
The analysis
The effect of background factors
The effect of attitudinal factors
The effect of enterprise in education factors
The effect of pupils' other time commitments
The effect of career related factors
Overview

Chapter 5 Pupils' decisions about part-time employment
Why do pupils work?
Why do some pupils stop working part-time?
Some of those who had never worked part-time had tried to get a job
The reasons why some pupils do not try to get a part-time job
Overview

Chapter 6 Current workers: the nature of their part-time jobs
Current workers were mainly employed in retail, catering and delivery work
The type of work varied by gender and stage of schooling
Limited differences in type of job according to pupils' attainment and social class
Differences in type of work according to location
Most current workers had only one job
Average weekly working hours
The range of pupils' working hours
Number of days worked each week
Weekday and weekend working
The average pay rates of current workers
The range of current workers' earnings
Holiday and sick pay
Few under-16 year olds had a work permit
Who do pupils work for?
The role of pupils' family and friends in finding work
Overview

Chapter 7 Predicting which pupils are likely to work long hours
The importance of pupils' working hours
Which pupils are likely to work long hours?
Predicting the type of job that pupils will do
Overview

Section C The Value of Work: Different Perspectives

Structure of Section C

Chapter 8 Perceptions of the value of pupils' part-time work
School pupils' views
Do pupils' views vary depending on work status and school stage?
Staff views
Career Advisers' views
Parents' views
Employers' views
SCEIN members
Overview

Chapter 9 The quality of pupils' part-time work
Activities and skills in pupils' job
Opportunities to learn
Training received
Predicting who works in a demanding job
Overview

Chapter 10 Re-visiting the quality issue: evidence from case studies
The activities carried out in the job
Contact and Skills
Overview

Chapter 11 Part-time work and being enterprising
Educationalists' views
Pupils' perception of their enterprising attitudes
Part-time employment and enterprising attitudes
Predicting enterprising attitudes
Overview

Section D Recognition

Structure of Section D

Chapter 12 Current and planned use of pupils' part-time employment in their schooling, and related legislative issues
Current use of school pupils' part-time employment in their schooling
Plans to make use of pupils' part-time employment
Legislation
Overview

Chapter 13 Links between part-time employment and other vocational experiences; and the certification of 'out of school' activities
Work experience
The extent of work experience in Scotland
Challenges and changes in work experience
Part-time work and work experience
Vocational pathways and development of a more flexible curriculum
Self employment
The school as an employer of pupils
Enterprise in education inputs, apart from work experience
Models of certificating vocational or 'out of school' experiences
Overview

Chapter 14 The principle and practice of recognition: the response of educational stakeholders
The approach to recognition in the research
Responses to the principle of increased use of part-time employment in schooling
The views of school and local authority staff on models of recognition
Overview

Chapter 15 The principle and practice of recognition: the response of pupils, parents and employers
Introduction
The Pupil Response
Parents' response
Employers' response
Overview

Section E Discussion, Issues and Recommendations

Structure of Section E

Chapter 16 Discussion, Issues and Recommendations
Section A: School pupils' part-time employment
Section B: Recognising part-time employment in pupils' schooling
Section C: Summary of recommendations

Section F Appendices

Appendix 1 Descriptive Statistics
Appendix 2 Models: Full Tables
Appendix 3 Attainment
Appendix 4 The National Pupil Survey Questionnaire
Appendix 5 References
Appendix 6 Research Advisory Committee

Section G Appendices: Reports and Working Papers

Structure of Section G

Appendix 7 The Focus Studies: Pupil and Teacher Comments
(by Jim McKechnie, Sandy Hobbs, Seonaid Anderson, Cathy Howieson and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 8 The Parental Perspective on School Pupils' Part-Time Employment
(by Cathy Howieson, Jim McKechnie and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 9 Child Employment: Policy and Practice in Scotland
(by Jim McKechnie, Sandy Hobbs, Seonaid Anderson, Cathy Howieson and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 10 The Employer's Perspective on School Pupils' Part-Time Employment
(by Jim McKechnie, Sandy Hobbs, Seonaid Anderson, Cathy Howieson and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 11 The Perspective of the Scottish Councils Education Industry Network Members on School Pupils' Part-Time Employment
(by Sheila Semple, Cathy Howieson and Jim McKechnie)

Appendix 12 Case Studies of School Pupils' Part-Time Employment
(by Jim McKechnie, Amanda Simpson, Seonaid Anderson, Sandy Hobbs, Cathy Howieson and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 13 Discussion Paper on Curriculum, Progression and Recognition
(by John Hart, Cathy Howieson, Jim McKechnie and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 14 Giving Recognition to the Outcomes of Part-Time Employment undertaken by School Pupils - A Review of Practice in the UK and Internationally
(by John Hart, Cathy Howieson, Jim McKechnie and Sheila Semple)

Appendix 15 Measuring Enterprising Skills and Attitudes: A Review
(by Linda Brownlow, Sheila Semple, Cathy Howieson and Jim McKechnie)

The views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and
do not necessarily represent those of the Department or Scottish Ministers.

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