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Footnotes

1. Previous research suggests that the supports available to prisoners upon release may be more important, in terms of reducing recidivism, than services that are provided to them while in prison (Haines, 1990).
2. Research into social work services to the criminal justice system in Scotland (McIvor and Barry, 1998) found that community-based throughcare was the least well developed form of provision. The difficulties involved in providing effective post-release services to ex-prisoners have also been documented by Maguire et al. (1996).
3. This reflects the development of policies in England and Wales where the Prison Service launched the CARAT (Counselling, Assessment, Referral, Advice and Throughcare) service for prisoners with drug problems in April 1999.
4. This will include statutory supervision by the local authority social work department following release (in some cases with an additional requirement that ex-prisoners access substance misuse treatment services). Short-term prisoners, by contrast, will not normally be subject to statutory supervision in the community following a custodial sentence, though they may access social work services on a voluntary basis in the 12 months after their release.
5. Leaving health and housing as areas for assessment and action.
6. This is one of the categories which Transitional Care workers were required to complete on the monitoring log.
7. Formerly NFO System Three Social Research.
8. Marsden J, Gossop G, Stewart D, Best D, Farrell M, Lehmann P, Edwards C and Strang J. 1998. The Maudsley Addiction Profile ( MAP): a brief instrument for assessing treatment outcome. Addiction 93 (12): 1857-167.
9. There were 83 cases where there was no record of the individual in the Cranstoun monitoring data.
10. Most of these respondents were interviewed in their own home.
11. Some workers had experience in more than one area.
12. The Bridge project in Ayr was reported to have 'closed' its waiting list around the time of interviewing
13. The amount of missing data differed across variables. Percentages are based on the numbers of cases for which the relevant data were available.
14. Subsequent analysis by attendance/non attendance is based on the monitoring data, and only on self-report where this is unavailable.
15. Although Transitional Care was intended to consist of three appointments, up to four post-release appointments were recorded in the monitoring log.
16. P<.001
17. p<.oo1
18. p<.001
19. p<.o5
20. P<.05
21. p<.001
22. p<.001
23. p<.001
24. The number of ex-prisoners identified as requiring general information about employment was higher than the number identified as having an employment-related need. This could either reflect errors in the completion of monitoring forms or at the data entry stage or it might suggest that some prisoners did not have en employment need per se but would nonetheless have benefited from some employment-related advice.
25. This data is based on self-reported attendance at Transitional Care appointments, because the questionnaire routing (which determined whether the respondent was asked if their TC worker had arranged the help/advice), was based on whether the respondent had indicated earlier in the interview that they had attended.
26. i.e. considering the four-month data in isolation, the seven-month data in isolation, or comparing the difference between individuals at four-months and seven-months.
27. It is particularly important to note here that we are not able to make a distinction at this stage between those with alcohol misuse problems and those using alcohol more appropriately - this makes it more unlikely that we would see a difference in outcome.
28. P<.001
29. The figures show the number of the 48 respondents who agreed/disagreed.
30. The fourth failed to keep an appointment made for him on the day of his release.
31. Information on ethnicity is based on the Cranstoun monitoring data, so is therefore unavailable for the 83 cases which could not be matched with the Cranstoun data. The remaining 'unknowns' were where the data was missing from the monitoring data.
32. Information on local authority is based on the Cranstoun monitoring data, so is therefore unavailable for the 83 cases which could not be matched with the Cranstoun data. The remaining 'unknowns' were where the data was missing from the monitoring data.
33. Information on establishment is based on the Cranstoun monitoring data, so is therefore unavailable for the 83 cases which could not be matched with the Cranstoun data. The remaining 'unknowns' were where the data was missing from the monitoring data.

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