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Appendix 11 EU- ETS INSTALLATIONS IN SCOTLAND
This appendix examines the details of the installations that fall under phase 1 of the EU- ETS in Scotland.
The installations will fall into one of two categories:
- Listed due to the inclusion of the sector in EU- ETS.
- Listed due to the size of combustion plant, over 20 MW thermal input on aggregate.
An analysis was undertaken of the details of Scottish installations included in the National Allocation Plan ( NAP) issued in May 2005.
The NAP provides details of:
- Installation sector.
- CO 2 emissions 1998 to 2002.
- Allocation of CO 2 allowances under the EU- ETS.
Note: these are CO 2 emissions from the combustion of fuel at the installation, e.g. gas, oil, coal etc. This does not include emissions from use of electricity at these installations, as the fuel used in power stations is included elsewhere in the NAP.
This information has been collated at sector level and compared to the equivalent data from the Energy Study - for the year 2002. As the data collection and categorisation methods are different some explanatory notes are required:
- The EU- ETS allowances could be more than 100% of the 2002 EU- ETS emissions data, as the baseline is not set on the NAP 2002 data alone.
- EU- ETSCO 2 data can include process-related CO 2 as well as energy-related CO 2. This can be more than the energy-related CO 2 in sectors such as cement.
- The allocation of sites to a sector often uses the Climate Change Agreement sector classification. This may not be the same as the Energy Study sector. Some sites may be eligible to join the CCA under more than one trade association. Hence, they may be included in the NAP under a sector heading that is different to the sector used in the Energy Study.
- The EU- ETSCO 2 data have been converted to energy using an average conversion factor for the basket of fossil fuels used in industry. This will lead to some errors in estimates of EU- ETS fossil fuel use.
The following table shows the EU- ETSNAP in Scotland for 2002:
Table A11.1
Energy sector | 2002 CO 2 (tonnes) | CO 2 allocation (tonnes) | No of Scottish EU- ETS sites | % Allowance |
|---|
Chemicals | 1,015,157 | 885,007 | 12 | 87.2% |
|---|
Engineering | 6,630 | 4,643 | 1 | 70.0% |
|---|
Ferrous | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
|---|
Food | 428,442 | 441,355 | 18 | 103.0% |
|---|
Minerals | 227,000 | 455,273 | 1 | 200.6% |
|---|
Non-ferrous | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
|---|
Offshore | 14,828,434 | 14,748,277 | 98 | 99.5% |
|---|
Paper | 932,722 | 974,369 | 14 | 104.5% |
|---|
Refineries | 3,126,347 | 3,408,104 | 4 | 109.0% |
|---|
Rubber | 26,667 | 26,667 | 1 | 100.0% |
|---|
Services | 220,273 | 194,762 | 28 | 88.4% |
|---|
Textiles | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
|---|
Power stations | 16,913,495 | 13,785,890 | 12 | 81.5% |
|---|
Oil & gas | 795,012 | 654,529 | 8 | 82.3% |
|---|
Ceramics | 25,849 | 23,710 | 4 | 91.7% |
|---|
Glass | 252,620 | 244,759 | 3 | 96.9% |
|---|
Foundries | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
|---|
Totals | 38,798,647 | 35,847,345 | 204 | 92.4% |
|---|
Several sectors are in the energy supply chain: offshore, power stations, refineries and oil & gas. Hence these sectors are not included in Table A11.2 below.
Table A11.2 compares the data from the NAP installations for 2002 with the Energy Study data for the whole sector in 2002. The energy figure for the installations listed in the NAP is calculated based on typical emissions factors - these data are not provided within the NAP itself.
Table A11.2
Energy sector | Scottish EU- ETS Data | Energy Study Data | Comparison |
|---|
2002 CO 2 (tonnes) | CO 2 Allocation (tonnes) | 2002 Energy ( GWh) | No of Scottish EU- ETS sites | % Allowance | 2002 CO 2 (tonnes) | 2002 Energy ( GWh) | No of CCA sites | % of sector CO 2 in ScottishEU- ETS | % of CCA sites in Scottish EU- ETS |
|---|
Chemicals | 1,015,157 | 885,007 | 4,881 | 12 | 87.2% | 1,050,608 | 5,051 | 18 | 81.5% | 66.7% |
|---|
Engineering | 6,630 | 4,643 | 32 | 1 | 70.0% | 866,736 | 4,167 | 23 | 0.5% | 4.3% |
|---|
Ferrous | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 92,352 | 444 | 2 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|---|
Food | 428,442 | 441,355 | 2,060 | 18 | 103.0% | 1,104,064 | 5,308 | 246 | 44.7% | 7.3% |
|---|
Minerals | 227,000 | 455,273 | 2,352 | 1 | 200.6% | 139,776 | 672 | 2 | 77.1% | 50.0% |
|---|
Non-ferrous | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 7,000 | 285 | 2 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|---|
Paper | 932,722 | 974,369 | 4,485 | 14 | 104.5% | 1,158,000 | 3,231 | 20 | 80.6% | 70.0% |
|---|
Rubber | 26,667 | 26,667 | 128 | 1 | 100.0% | 414,000 | 1,119 | 1 | 6.4% | 100% |
|---|
Services | 220,273 | 194,762 | 1,059 | 28 | 88.4% | 2,023,000 | 9,724 | | 10.9% | |
|---|
Textiles | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 360,000 | 1,281 | 19 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|---|
Ceramics | 25,849 | 23,710 | 124 | 4 | 91.7% | 82,000 | 274 | 11 | 31.7% | 36.4% |
|---|
Glass | 252,620 | 244,759 | 1,215 | 3 | 96.9% | 258,000 | 881 | 5 | 195.9% | 60.0% |
|---|
Foundries | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 63,000 | 184 | 12 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
|---|
Significant differences exist between Scottish EU- ETS data and Energy Study data in:
- Engineering.
- Services.
- Food.
- Textiles.
Discussion:
- For some sectors a large percentage of the sites and/or the energy and CO 2 is included in the EU- ETSNAP. Examples include paper and chemicals. Hence, in these sectors the EU- ETS may act as a significant driver to reduce energy and therefore CO 2 emissions.
- For some other sectors the bulk of the energy use is out with the EU- ETS, e.g. engineering.
- EU- ETS does not include electricity; these CO 2 emissions are attributed to point-of-generation.
In addition to the industry data, we have undertaken a more detailed examination of the NAP data for power stations. The stations are grouped by type (this ignores small amounts of secondary fuel, e.g. oil, gas or biomass use at a coal-fired plant):
Figure A11.1: NAP data for power stations
This shows the rise in coal use and decline of gas use for power generation in response to fuel price changes in 2000. For comparison, the EU- ETS target allowance level is also shown.
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