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Scottish Energy Study: Volume 1: Energy in Scotland: Supply and Demand

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Appendix 2 Estimation of Energy Consumption in the Scottish Industry Sector

Appendix 2.1 UK industry, based on DTI statistics

Summary table after modifications, with explanation in Appendix 2.2

Sector

Solid

Oil

Gas

Elec

Other

Total62

Total

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

PJ

Aluminium

0.02

0.56

2.53

10.00

0.50

13.61

49.0

Ceramics

0.17

0.13

6.44

1.25

0.00

8.00

28.8

Chemical

0.52

3.86

47.86

22.63

0.00

74.87

269.5

Petrochem 63

Engineering

0.30

32.00

24.60

22.50

0.00

79.40

285.8

Food & drink

1.57

3.80

27.18

11.94

0.00

44.50

160.2

Foundry

2.20

0.20

2.20

3.00

0.00

7.61

27.4

Glass

0.25

0.15

4.50

2.00

0.00

6.90

24.8

Minerals

3.50

2.83

4.00

4.00

0.00

14.33

51.6

NFM

0.45

0.30

1.73

0.84

0.00

3.33

12.0

Paper

0.47

1.22

14.31

11.56

0.00

27.56

99.2

Rubber/plastic

0.33

5.16

7.34

10.20

0.00

23.03

82.9

Primary steel

41.3

3.18

18.34

5.92

0.00

68.74

247.5

Secondary steel

0.05

0.50

3.40

3.00

0.00

6.95

25.0

Steel forges

0.05

0.50

3.50

1.50

0.00

5.56

20.0

Textiles

0.16

2.20

7.35

3.41

0.00

13.11

47.2

Unclassified

2.22

7.87

0.09

0.00

13.40

23.61

85.0

Total

52.85

59.91

118.54

79.87

13.40

324.63

1168.6

Appendix 2.2 Comments and actions performed on DTIUK Industry statistics

Sector

Comments on DTI figures

Action

Aluminium

DTI figure appeared low, even for primary alone.
Industry sector specialist ( SS) assess = 35 PJ Primary + 14 PJ secondary = 49 PJ or 13.6 TWh, mostly electricity.
Possible reasons:

(1) hydroelectricity for Scotland aluminium may not appear here, but within unclassified,

(2) secondary aluminium probably appears in Engineering as metal recycling.

Increased electricity to 10 TWh (subtract from DTI's engineering) and 0.5 renew from 'others'. 64

Ceramics

Appears low. Industry SS assess = 35 PJ = 9.7 TWh.

May come down to definition - some getting 'lost' in minerals and/or engineering.

Increased by 50%, to be closer to ceramics expert estimation (cross-checked with EU- ETS assessment).

Chemical

Somewhat higher than Industry SS assessment of 190 PJ(del). Some may be due to definitions.

South Scotland chemicals will have more gas/ less electricity due to large CHP unit at Grangemouth

Petro-chemicals

Extracted from the Industry analysis. These have been considered as secondary fuel in Sankey figure.

Extracted.

Engineering

The DTI figure is a lot more than Engineering Industry SM assessment of 95 PJ (= 26.4 TWh).

However, DTI figure includes a number of sectors that would not be classified as Industry, e.g. water pumping (7 TWh), construction (10 TWh), metal recycling (7.5 TWh), etc.

Also, appears that some aluminium, foundries and forges, ceramics and other sectors are included in Engineering.

Total re-assessed down (although still higher than Industry SS assessment).

Gas & electricity revise down slightly; some moved to Aluminium, Ceramics, Foundries, etc.

Food & drink

Very close to the Industry SS estimation of 156 PJ - from 2001.

No change.

Foundry

Low compared with Industry SS; would have nearer 7.8 TWh. Some has been captured in 'Engineering', some (especially coke for iron) in steel & iron.

Total revise up to accommodate.

Glass

Slightly lower than Industry SS assessment 25 PJ - some has been classified by DTI as Minerals ( e.g. Rockwool), some in Engineering.

Minerals

Pretty close to Industry SS assess of 60 PJ.
Will include quarrying, cement and other high-temp processing.

Revise slightly down to accommodate increase in Glass and Ceramics.

NFM

Very close to the Industry SS estimation of 12 PJ.

No change.

Paper

A little higher than the Industry SS estimation of 79 PJ; however, this did not include printing. If printing is included, may actually be slightly higher.

No change.

Rubber/plastic

A little higher than the Industry SS estimation of 50 for plastic + 15 for rubber = 65 PJ total (for 2000/1). As R&P is a growing sector, to use DTI figures.

No change.

Primary steel

Typical annual UK = 250 PJ. However, 2002 was an untypical year for steel, with closures. Very close to Industry SS estimation of 250 PJ.

Revised grand total down slightly - some coke moved to Foundry.

Secondary steel

Similar to Industry SS estimation of 25 PJ, mostly gas & electricity (especially EAF). Subtracted from Engineering total.

Steel forges

Similar to Industry SS estimation of 20 PJ, mostly gas some electricity. Subtracted from Engineering total.

Textiles

A little lower than the Industry SS estimation of 30 PJ. Possibly because of definitions. To use DTI figure.

No change.

Unclassified

Unclassified.

Some renewable moved to Aluminium - Lochaber.

Appendix 2.3 - Estimation of Scotland percentage of industry sectors - 2002

Sector

UK energy GWh(d)

Scotland As %

Scotland energy GWh

Comments on Scottish % figure

Aluminium - primary

9723

12.0

1166.8

Lochaber = 40kt / UK total of 340kt; by far the smallest UK primary site

Aluminium - secondary

3889

4.0

155.6

Much less than pro-rata; no major secondary Al (such as Rogerstone or Latchford). Burntisland closed during 2002

Chemicals

74867

8.0

5989.4

Based on (Scotland/ UK) CCA participants, adjusted up slightly because several large chemical sites in Scotland.

Ceramics (heavy & WW)

8001

4.9

392.0

Assessment based on (Scotland/ UK) CCA participants

Engineering

79451

7.5

5958.8

Based on (Scotland/ UK) CCA participants, adjusted up slightly because of large Scottish micro-electronics sector

Food & Drink

44504

16.3

7254.1

(Scotland/ UK) CCA participants

Foundry

7612

4.0

304.5

Shaded lower than CCA pro-rata because no very large foundries in Scotland

Glass

6889

18.0

1240.0

Higher than CCA pro-rata because three moderately large glass operators in Scotland

Minerals

14334

6.5

931.7

Have one moderate/large cement operator plus numerous coal/stone/etc quarrying & processing sites

NFM

3334

1.0

33.3

Very small, only a couple of galvanisers

Paper

27558

20.2

5566.7

Similar (slightly higher than) CCA. The figure of 20% is roughly in line with the weighted output from Scottish paper

Plastics

17724

8.6

1524.3

Non CCA sector. Estimated based on pro-rata population.

Rubber

5306

9.1

482.8

(Scotland/ UK) CCA participants

Steel - integrated

68756

0.0

0.0

No integrated steel plants

Steel - secondary

6945

2.5

173.6

No EAF (largest E consumer for sub-sector), therefore much less than CCA pro-rata

Steel forgers

5556

7.8

433.4

(Scotland/ UK) CCA participants

Textiles - total

13112

13.2

1730.8

(Scotland/ UK) CCA participants

Unclassified

23613

8.4

1983.5

Estimated as pro-rata with industry total demand, rather than based on pro-rata population

Totals

421173

35321.3

% Scotland =

8.4

% Scotland calculated as total Scotland/total UK = 35321.3/421173

Appendix 2.4 Typical fuel mix split for industry sectors

UKTWh

Scotland % of UK

Scotland GWh

Fuel split (%)

Solid

Oil

Gas

Elec

Other

Total

Aluminium - primary

9.72

12.0

1166.8

0.1%

2.0%

22.0%

75.9%

0.0%

100.0%

Aluminium - secondary

3.89

4.0

155.6

0%

5%

75.0%

20.0%

0%

100.0%

Chemicals

74.86

8.0

5989.4

2.1%

1.6%

80.6%

15.6%

0.0%

100.0%

Ceramics - heavy & WW

8.00

4.9

392.0

0.7%

5.2%

63.9%

30.2%

0.0%

100.0%

Engineering - total

79.44

7.5

5958.8

0.4%

40.6%

30.5%

28.6%

0.0%

100.0%

Food & drink

44.50

16.3

7254.1

3.5%

8.5%

61.1%

26.8%

0.0%

100.0%

Foundry

7.61

4.0

304.5

28.9%

2.6%

28.9%

39.5%

0.0%

100.0%

Glass

6.89

18.0

1240.1

3.6%

2.2%

65.2%

29.0%

0.0%

100.0%

Minerals

14.33

6.5

931.7

24.4%

19.7%

27.9%

27.9%

0.0%

100.0%

NFM

3.33

1.0

33.3

13.6%

9.0%

52.1%

25.3%

0.0%

100.0%

Paper

27.56

20.2

5566.7

1.7%

4.4%

51.9%

41.9%

0.0%

100.0%

Plastics

17.72

8.6

1524.2

1.4%

22.4%

31.9%

44.3%

0.0%

100.0%

Rubber

5.31

9.1

482.8

1.4%

22.4%

31.9%

44.3%

0.0%

100.0%

Steel - integrated

68.75

0.0

0.0

57.0%

5.0%

30.0%

8.0%

0.0%

100.0%

Steel - secondary

6.94

2.5

173.6

0.7%

7.1%

49.6%

42.6%

0.0%

100.0%

Steel forgers

5.56

7.8

433.4

0.9%

9.0%

63.1%

27.0%

0.0%

100.0%

Textiles - total

13.11

13.2

1730.8

1.2%

16.8%

56.0%

26.0%

0.0%

100.0%

Unclassified

23.61

8.4

1983.5

9.4%

33.4%

0.4%

0.0%

56.8%

100.0%

Total

421.14

35321.3

Appendix 2.5 Calculations of Scottish industry total energy and fuel mix

Sector

UKTWh

Scotland % of UK

Scotland GWh

Fuel split ( GWh)

Solid

Oil

Gas

Elec

Other

Total

Aluminium - primary

9.72

12.0

1166.8

2

23

210

933

0

1167

Aluminium - secondary

3.89

4.0

155.6

0

8

117

31

0

156

Chemicals

74.86

8.0

5989.4

127

97

4827

937

0

5989

Ceramics - heavy & WW

8.00

4.9

392.0

3

20

251

118

0

392

Engineering - total

79.44

7.5

5958.8

23

2400

1744

1793

0

5959

Food & drink

44.50

16.3

7254.1

256

620

4432

1947

0

7254

Foundry

7.61

4.0

304.5

88

8

88

120

0

304

Glass

6.89

18.0

1240.1

45

27

809

359

0

1240

Minerals

14.33

6.5

931.7

228

184

260

260

0

932

NFM

3.33

1.0

33.3

5

3

17

8

0

33

Paper

27.56

20.2

5566.7

95

246

2890

2335

0

5567

Plastics

17.72

8.6

1524.2

22

342

486

675

0

1524

Rubber

5.31

9.1

482.8

7

108

154

214

0

483

Steel - integrated 65

68.75

0.0

0.0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Steel - secondary 66

6.94

2.5

173.6

1

13

114

46

0

174

Steel forgers

5.56

7.8

433.4

4

39

273

117

0

433

Textiles - total

13.11

13.2

1730.8

21

290

970

450

0

1731

Unclassified

23.61

8.4

1983.5

187

662

8

0

1127

1983

Totals

421.14

35321.3

1112

5090

17649

10344

1127

35321

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Page updated: Thursday, January 19, 2006