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Professor Claire Callender - London South Bank University
David Wilkinson, Karen MacKinnon, Sandra Vegeris - The Policy Studies Institute
September 2005
ISBN 0 7559 1253 5 (Web only publication)
This document is also available in pdf format (872k)

Contents

Acknowledgements

Executive Summary

1 Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Aims and objectives
1.3 Methods
1.4 The scope and limitations of the study
1.5 Interpreting the tables in the report
1.6 Outline of report
1.7 Characteristics of the sample of undergraduates at HEIs and FECs
1.8 Characteristics of the sample of non-advanced further education students at FECs

2 HE students' access to information, guidance and advice and educational choices
2.1 Information on the costs of university/college
2.2 Information on financial help available towards the costs of university
2.3 Advice on financial budgeting
2.4 The influence of the costs of university/college on undergraduates' educational choices and behaviour
2.5 Studying part-time
2.6 The financial situation of he students who prior to their current course had been undertaking an FE course
2.7 Summary

3 HE students' income
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Undergraduate students' total income and their main sources of income in 2004/05
3.3 Variations in undergraduate students' total income in 2004/05
3.4 Variations in undergraduate students' sources of income
3.5 Paid work
3.6 Type of institution attended
3.7 HE students' living and housing arrangements
3.8 Dependent children
3.9 Age at start of course
3.10 Student loan take-up
3.11 Term-time employment
3.12 Gender
3.13 Final year of study
3.14 Year of study
3.15 Whether a member of the family had been to university
3.16 Socio-economic class

4 HE students' expenditure
4.1 Introduction
4.2 HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure in 2004/05
4.3 Variations in HE students' total expenditure in 2004/05
4.4 Variations in HE students' expenditure patterns
4.5 Type of institution attended
4.6 HE students' living and housing arrangements
4.7 Dependent children
4.8 Age at the start of course
4.9 Student loan take-up
4.10 Term-time employment
4.11 Gender
4.12 Final year of study
4.13 Year of study
4.14 Whether a member of the family had been to university
4.15 Socio-economic class

5 HE students' savings, borrowing and debt
5.1 Introduction
5.2 HE students' total savings
5.3 HE students' total borrowings
5.4 HE students' commercial credit
5.5 All he students' total debt
5.6 HE students' debt on graduation

6 HE students' behaviour and attitudes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Drop out
6.3 HE students' attitudes towards debt and HE
6.4 The social and economic returns of HE

7 FE students' access to information, guidance and advice and educational choices
7.1 Information on the costs of college
7.2 Information on financial help available towards the costs of college
7.3 Summary

8 FE students' income
8.1 Introduction
8.2 FE students' total income and their main sources of income
8.3 Variations in FE students' total income
8.4 Paid work
8.5 FE students' living and housing arrangements
8.6 Dependent children
8.7 Age at start of course
8.8 Term-time employment
8.9 Gender
8.10 Whether a member of the family had been to university
8.11 Socio-economic class

9 FE students' expenditure
9.1 Introduction
9.2 FE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure
9.3 Variations in FE students' total expenditure
9.4 Variations in FE students' expenditure patterns
9.5 FE students' living and housing arrangements
9.6 Dependent children
9.7 Age at the start of course
9.8 Term-time employment
9.9 Gender
9.10 Whether a member of the family had been to university
9.11 Socio-economic class

10 FE students' savings, borrowing and debt
10.1 Introduction
10.2 FE students' total savings
10.3 FE students' total borrowings
10.4 All FE students' total debt

11 FE students' behaviour and attitudes
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Drop out
11.3 FE students' attitudes towards debt and education
11.4 The social and economic returns of FE
11.5 Future study at university

12 Conclusions
12.1 Headline figures
12.2 Students living with a partner and/or children
12.3 Students living independently
12.4 Students living with their parents
12.5 Students with dependent children
12.6 Students aged 25 and over
12.7 Students aged less than 25
12.8 Comparison with England and Wales

References

Appendix - Technical Report

Tables

Table 1.1 Socio-economic characteristics of undergraduates surveyed by type of institution attended
Table 1.2 Institutional characteristics of undergraduates surveyed by type of institution attended
Table 1.3 Socio-economic characteristics of FE students surveyed
Table 1.4 Institutional characteristics of FE students surveyed

Table 2.1 Costs of university/college considered before starting their course
Table 2.2 Sources of information on the costs of university/college by type of institution attended
Table 2.3 Sources of information on financial help with the costs of university/college by type of institution attended
Table 2.4 Sources of help or advice on budgeting by type of institution attended
Table 2.5 Influence of costs of going to university on undergraduates' choices by type of institution attended
Table 2.6 Influence of future earnings and ability to repay debt on choice of course by type of institution attended

Table 3.1 Total HE student income and sources of income
Table 3.2 Percentage of HE students receiving different sources of income and the amount they received
Table 3.3 Students' total income by socio-economic characteristics
Table 3.4 Students' total income by institutional characteristics
Table 3.5 Maximum student loans in 2004/05
Table 3.6 Main sources of HE students' support by type of institution attended
Table 3.7 Total HE student income and sources of income by type of institution attended
Table 3.8 Percentage of HE students receiving different sources of income and the amount they received by the type of institution attended
Table 3.9 Total HE student income and sources of income by living and housing arrangements
Table 3.10HE students' income and main sources of income by whether they have dependent children
Table 3.11HE students' income and main sources of income by age when started course
Table 3.12HE students' income and main sources of income by whether had taken out a student loan
Table 3.13HE students' income and main sources of income by whether had worked during term-time
Table 3.14HE students' income and main sources of income by gender
Table 3.15HE students' income and main sources of income by final and non-final year of study and type of institution attended
Table 3.16HE students' total income and main sources of income by year of study and type of institution attended
Table 3.17HE students' income and main sources of income by whether a family member has studied at university
Table 3.18HE students' total income and main sources of income by socio-economic class

Table 4.1 Total students' expenditure and type of expenditure
Table 4.2 Percentage of HE students incurring different types of expenditure and the amount they spent
Table 4.3HE students' total expenditure by socio-economic characteristics
Table 4.4HE students' total expenditure by institutional characteristics
Table 4.5 Housing costs by items of expenditure by type of institution attended
Table 4.6 Housing costs by items of expenditure by living arrangement
Table 4.7 Participation costs by items of expenditure by type of institution attended
Table 4.8 Participation costs by items of expenditure by living arrangements
Table 4.9 Living costs by items of expenditure by type of institution attended
Table 4.10 Living costs by items of expenditure by living arrangements
Table 4.11HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by type of institution attended
Table 4.12 Percentage of HE students incurring different types of expenditure and the amount they spent by the type of institution attended
Table 4.13HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by living and housing arrangements
Table 4.14HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether they have dependent children
Table 4.15HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by age when started course
Table 4.16HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether had taken out a student loan
Table 4.17HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether had worked during term-time
Table 4.18HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by gender
Table 4.19HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by final and non-final year of study and type of institution attended
Table 4.20HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by year of study and type of institution attended
Table 4.21HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether a family member has studied at university
Table 4.22HE students' total expenditure and main types of expenditure by socio-economic class

Table 5.1 Total HE students' incomings over the academic year
Table 5.2 Total HE students' outgoings over the academic year
Table 5.3 Total students' savings at different stages in the academic year
Table 5.4 Percentage of students with savings at different stages in the academic year and the amount saved
Table 5.5 Total students' savings at different stages in the academic year by institution attended
Table 5.6 Percentage of students with savings at different stages in the academic year and the amount saved
Table 5.7HE students' average expected savings at the end of the academic year and the proportion with savings by socio-economic characteristics
Table 5.8HE students' average expected savings at the end of the academic year and the proportion with savings by institutional characteristics
Table 5.9 Total student borrowings and sources of borrowing
Table 5.10 Percentage of students with borrowings from different sources and the amount borrowed
Table 5.11 Total student borrowings and sources of borrowing by institution attended
Type of institution attended
Table 5.12 Percentage of students with borrowings from different sources and the amount borrowed by institution attended
Table 5.13HE students' total borrowings by socio-economic characteristics
Table 5.14HE students' total borrowings by institutional characteristics
Table 5.15HE students' total commercial credit by socio-economic characteristics
Table 5.16HE students' commercial credit by institutional characteristics
Table 5.17HE students' total debt by socio-economic characteristics
Dependent children
Table 5.18HE students' total debt by institutional characteristics
Table 5.19HE students' total debt by type of institution attended and their age, social class and living arrangements
Table 5.20FEC students' debt on graduation by their characteristics
Table 5.21HEI students' debt on graduation by socio-economic characteristics*

Table 6.1HE students' attitudes to debt and HE
Table 6.2HE students' attitudes to debt and HE by type of institution attended
Table 6.3HE students' attitudes toward the social and economic returns of HE
Table 6.4HE students' attitudes toward the social and economic returns of HE by type of institution attended

Table 7.1 Costs of college considered before starting their course
Table 7.2 Sources of information on the costs of college
Table 7.3 Sources of information on financial help with the costs of college
Table 7.4 Influence of future earnings on choice of course

Table 8.1 Total FE student income and sources of income
Table 8.2 Percentage of FE students receiving different sources of income and the amount they received
Table 8.3FE Students' total income by their characteristics
Table 8.4 Total FE student income and sources of income by living and housing arrangements
Table 8.5FE Students' income and main sources of income by whether they have dependent children
Table 8.6FE students' income and main sources of income by age when started course
Table 8.7FE students' income and main sources of income by whether work during term-time
Table 8.8FE students' income and main sources of income by gender
Table 8.9FE students' income and main sources of income by whether a family member studied at university
Table 8.10FE students' total income and main sources of income by socio-economic class

Table 9.1FE students' total expenditure and type of expenditure
Table 9.2 Percentage of FE students incurring different types of expenditure and the amount they spent
Table 9.3FE students' total expenditure by their characteristics
Table 9.4 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by living and housing arrangements
Table 9.5 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether they have dependent children
Table 9.6 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by age when started course
Table 9.7 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether had worked during term-time
Table 9.8 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by gender
Table 9.9 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by whether a family member has studied at university
Table 9.10 Total FE student expenditure and main types of expenditure by socio-economic class

Table 10.1 Total FE students' incomings over the academic year
Table 10.2 Total FE students' outgoings over the academic year
Table 10.3 Total students' savings at different stages in the academic year
Table 10.4 Percentage of students with savings at different stages in the academic year and the amount saved
Table 10.5FE Students' average expected savings at the end of the academic year and the proportion with savings by student characteristics
Table 10.6 Total FE student borrowings and sources of borrowing
Table 10.7 Percentage of FE students with borrowings from different sources and the amount borrowed
Table 10.8FE Students' total borrowings by socio-economic characteristics
Table 10.9FE students' total debt by student characteristics

Table 11.1FE students' attitudes to debt and education
Table 11.2 Students' attitudes toward the social and economic returns of education
Table 11.3 Factors influencing student decisions not to apply to university
Factors
Table 11.4 Factors influencing student decisions to apply to university
Factors

Table 12.1 Comparisons of Income, Expenditure and Debt between Scotland and England and Wales
Table 12.2 Comparisons of Income, Expenditure and Debt between Scotland and England and Wales

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