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Chapter Four: Labour Market
Labour Market
It is widely acknowledged that employment is the best route out of poverty. Closing the Opportunity Gap ( CtOG) aims to get certain groups of people into employment: Target A aims to reduce worklessness amongst the working age population who are claiming benefits (in seven local authorities) and Target B aims to reduce the number of young people not in employment, education or training. The Executive is developing an Employability Framework and a strategy to reduce the proportion of young people not in education, employment or training ( NEET), which will be informed by the work of local partnerships, and support the delivery of CtOG targets. The Framework is an opportunity to take stock of the interventions already in place to support individuals' employability, and to plan and implement their future shape and direction. A separate NEET strategy has been developed in recognition of the distinctive characteristics of the challenges facing this group, and because research tells us that long term NEET status is a indicator of individuals who will encounter persistent problems of worklessness - or low paid low skilled work - and social exclusion in later life.
The SIMD 2004 employment domain is made up of four indicators that identify people who are unemployed or are not involved in the labour market due to ill health or disability. The indicators are listed in Appendix 1.
Key Points
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are less likely to be in employment. (55 per cent of the working age population is in employment in the 15% most deprived areas compared to over 75 per cent in the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to be unemployed. (12 per cent of economically active people in the 15% most deprived areas are unemployed compared to 5 per cent in the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to work in an unskilled occupation and less likely to work in a managerial or professional occupation. (People in employment from the 15% most deprived areas are nearly twice as likely to be working in an 'elementary occupation' and much less likely to be working as a 'manager or senior officer' than people in work from the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to earn a lower average salary. (Men living in the 15% most deprived areas earn, on average, 40 per cent less than men from the rest of Scotland and whilst women living in the 15% most deprived areas earn 20 per cent less).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to have no qualifications. (33 per cent of working age people from the 15% most deprived areas hold no qualifications compared to 14 per cent of working age people from the rest of Scotland).
- People aged 16 to 19 living in the 15% most deprived areas are less likely to be in education, employment or training. (25 per cent of 16 to 19 year olds in the 15% most deprived areas are not in education, employment or training compared to 11 per cent of 16 to 19 year olds in the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to be economically inactive, i.e. not in work or looking for work in the preceeding 14 days. (In the 15% most deprived areas 37 per cent of the working age population is defined as economically inactive compared to 19 per cent of the population in the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to be claiming incapacity benefit or severe disablement allowance. (One in four men of working age in the 15% most deprived areas are on either incapacity benefit or severe disablement allowance compared to one in 11 men in the rest of Scotland).
- People living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to start the New Deal Scheme. (Over 35 per cent of people starting a key new deal schemes in 2003 were from the 15% most deprived areas).
Chart 4.1 shows that more than 30 per cent of the working age population in the 10% most deprived areas of Scotland are claiming key employment related benefits. Not all employment deprived people live in the most deprived areas. In fact, 25 per cent of people defined as employment deprived by the SIMD live in the 50% least deprived areas.
Table 4.2 shows the number and percentage of employment deprived people by Local Authority. The seven target authorities of Target A of the CtOG targets (Glasgow, North & South Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire & Inverclyde, Dundee, and West Dunbartonshire) account for almost 50 per cent of employment deprived people in Scotland. Across these seven authorities 19 per cent (204,738 people) of the population is defined as employment deprived and 53 per cent (107,905 people) of these people live in one of the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland. Twelve per cent of the Scottish working age people but nearly 20 per cent of the 435,037 employment deprived people in Scotland live in Glasgow. Glasgow also has the highest percentage of employment deprived people (23.1 per cent of working age people).
Chart 4.1: Percentage of Working age Population on Key Employment Benefits
Percentages
Source: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004
Note: The working age population comprises of Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Table 4.2: Number and percentage of employment deprived by Local Authority
Numbers, percentagesLocal Authority | Working age population | Total number of employment deprived | National share of employment deprived | Percentage of working age Local Authority population that are employment deprived | Most Deprived 5% of Data Zones | Most Deprived 10% of Data Zones | Most Deprived 15% of Data Zones | Most Deprived 20% of Data Zones |
|---|
Number of employment deprived | Percentage of working age Local Authority employment deprived population | Number of employment deprived | Percentage of working age Local Authority employment deprived population | Number of employment deprived | Percentage of working age Local Authority employment deprived population | Number of employment deprived | Percentage of working age Local Authority employment deprived population |
|---|
Aberdeen City | 139,903 | 12,824 | 2.9 | 9.2 | 309 | 2.4 | 955 | 7.4 | 1,982 | 15.5 | 2,954 | 23.0 |
|---|
Aberdeenshire | 141,291 | 9,362 | 2.2 | 6.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 164 | 1.8 | 348 | 3.7 | 531 | 5.7 |
|---|
Angus | 65,343 | 6,763 | 1.6 | 10.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 361 | 5.3 | 755 | 11.2 |
|---|
Argyll & Bute | 54,468 | 6,115 | 1.4 | 11.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 685 | 11.2 | 1,010 | 16.5 | 1,077 | 17.6 |
|---|
Clackmannanshire | 29,863 | 4,966 | 1.1 | 16.6 | 361 | 7.3 | 609 | 12.3 | 1,351 | 27.2 | 2,031 | 40.9 |
|---|
Dumfries & Galloway | 86,860 | 10,284 | 2.4 | 11.8 | 158 | 1.5 | 476 | 4.6 | 1,138 | 11.1 | 1,835 | 17.8 |
|---|
Dundee City | 90,067 | 15,604 | 3.6 | 17.3 | 1,666 | 10.7 | 5,301 | 34.0 | 7,208 | 46.2 | 9,723 | 62.3 |
|---|
East Ayrshire | 73,529 | 11,836 | 2.7 | 16.1 | 1,132 | 9.6 | 2,013 | 17.0 | 3,770 | 31.9 | 4,956 | 41.9 |
|---|
East Dunbartonshire | 66,239 | 6,000 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 312 | 5.2 | 541 | 9.0 | 654 | 10.9 |
|---|
East Lothian | 53,306 | 5,135 | 1.2 | 9.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 293 | 5.7 |
|---|
East Renfrewshire | 53,700 | 4,739 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 127 | 2.7 | 255 | 5.4 | 785 | 16.6 | 1,030 | 21.7 |
|---|
Edinburgh, City of | 295,665 | 28,828 | 6.6 | 9.8 | 4,470 | 15.5 | 7,238 | 25.1 | 9,277 | 32.2 | 10,221 | 35.5 |
|---|
Eilean Siar | 15,429 | 1,984 | 0.5 | 12.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
|---|
Falkirk | 90,369 | 12,906 | 3.0 | 14.3 | 121 | 0.9 | 834 | 6.5 | 1,648 | 12.8 | 3,127 | 24.2 |
|---|
Fife | 214,698 | 28,224 | 6.5 | 13.1 | 138 | 0.5 | 1,569 | 5.6 | 4,151 | 14.7 | 7,301 | 25.9 |
|---|
Glasgow City | 366,068 | 84,545 | 19.4 | 23.1 | 42,094 | 49.8 | 56,424 | 66.7 | 62,406 | 73.8 | 65,823 | 77.9 |
|---|
Highland | 127,112 | 14,132 | 3.2 | 11.1 | 448 | 3.2 | 924 | 6.5 | 1,145 | 8.1 | 2,058 | 14.6 |
|---|
Inverclyde | 51,450 | 9,546 | 2.2 | 18.6 | 865 | 9.1 | 3,316 | 34.7 | 4,797 | 50.3 | 5,928 | 62.1 |
|---|
Midlothian | 49,649 | 5,212 | 1.2 | 10.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 121 | 2.3 | 516 | 9.9 |
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Moray | 52,982 | 4,626 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
|---|
North Ayrshire | 82,801 | 14,416 | 3.3 | 17.4 | 1,121 | 7.8 | 2,461 | 17.1 | 4,618 | 32.0 | 6,529 | 45.3 |
|---|
North Lanarkshire | 202,238 | 37,943 | 8.7 | 18.8 | 1,831 | 4.8 | 6,695 | 17.6 | 14,052 | 37.0 | 19,317 | 50.9 |
|---|
Orkney Islands | 11,601 | 949 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
|---|
Perth & Kinross | 80,360 | 6,701 | 1.5 | 8.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 212 | 3.2 | 295 | 4.4 | 417 | 6.2 |
|---|
Renfrewshire | 107,911 | 16,945 | 3.9 | 15.7 | 1,265 | 7.5 | 3,428 | 20.2 | 5,937 | 35.0 | 8,090 | 47.7 |
|---|
Scottish Borders | 63,164 | 5,632 | 1.3 | 8.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 117 | 2.1 | 262 | 4.7 | 452 | 8.0 |
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Shetland Islands | 13,573 | 892 | 0.2 | 6.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
|---|
South Ayrshire | 66,969 | 9,162 | 2.1 | 13.7 | 160 | 1.7 | 1,120 | 12.2 | 1,659 | 18.1 | 2,385 | 26.0 |
|---|
South Lanarkshire | 188,253 | 29,212 | 6.7 | 15.5 | 1,313 | 4.5 | 5,899 | 20.2 | 9,070 | 31.0 | 11,424 | 39.1 |
|---|
Stirling | 53,849 | 5,820 | 1.3 | 10.8 | 490 | 8.4 | 811 | 13.9 | 919 | 15.8 | 1,175 | 20.2 |
|---|
West Dunbartonshire | 57,523 | 10,943 | 2.5 | 19.0 | 987 | 9.0 | 3,069 | 28.0 | 4,435 | 40.5 | 5,652 | 51.6 |
|---|
West Lothian | 101,731 | 12,792 | 2.9 | 12.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 263 | 2.1 | 1,055 | 8.2 | 2,980 | 23.3 |
|---|
Scotland | 3,147,964 | 435,037 | 100 | 13.8 | 59,056 | 13.6 | 105,150 | 24.2 | 144,341 | 33.2 | 179,234 | 41.2 |
|---|
Source: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004
Note: Figures for each LA have been rounded to the nearest whole. Therefore the sum of the LA figures may not necessarily equate to the Scotland figure. The Working age population is all males aged 16 to 64 and all females aged 16 to 59.
Within the Labour Market people are classified as either economically active or economically inactive. Economically active covers those who are working (in employment) or are seeking and available for work (unemployed). All others, for example students, lone parents, pensioners and those with ill health are counted as economically inactive, as they are not working or actively seeking work. Full definitions of all these terms are included in Appendix 1.
Table 4.3: Breakdown of Labour Market, 2003Numbers | Economically Inactive | Economically Active |
|---|
Employment | Unemployment |
|---|
Male | 15% Most Deprived | 128,000 | 26,000 | 74,000 |
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Rest of Scotland | 1,114,000 | 66,000 | 212,000 |
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Female | 15% Most Deprived | 133,000 | 11,000 | 98,000 |
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Rest of Scotland | 991,000 | 42,000 | 304,000 |
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Total | 15% Most Deprived | 261,000 | 36,000 | 172,000 |
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Rest of Scotland | 2,106,000 | 108,000 | 516,000 |
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Scotland | 2,367,000 | 145,000 | 688,000 |
|---|
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Note: Economically active data is based on population aged 16 plus, Economically inactive data is based on the working age population (16 to pensionable age).
Employment
Between 1991 and 2001 Census results show that there has been little change in the overall employment rates (see Appendix 1 for definition) across all areas (see Chart 4.4). Employment rates in the 10% most deprived areas stood at 46 per cent compared to over 70 per cent in the 10% least deprived areas.
Chart 4.4: Employment Rates, 1991 and 2001
Percentages
Source: General Register Office for Scotland (1991 and 2001 census)
Note: The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
The Labour Force Survey ( LFS) 1997 estimated the Scottish employment rate at just over 71 per cent. This increased to just over 73 per cent in 2003. LFS data for deprived areas is only available for 2003 due to a large increase in the Scottish sample size for the 2003 survey and subsequent years. The 2003 LFS survey estimates that in the 15% most deprived areas just over 55 per cent of the working age population are in employment. In the 15% most deprived areas six per cent of people in work are self-employed compared to 10 per cent of working people in the rest of Scotland. The proportion of men and women who work part-time is similar across Scotland, with one in 10 men and nearly half of women working part-time. In the 15% most deprived areas, four per cent of the retirement age population (males age 65 and over and females age 60 and over) are still in employment compared to over eight per cent in the rest of Scotland. This variation is likely to be due to differences in health, types of employment undertaken and previous participation in the labour market when people were of working age. In Scotland as a whole, there is no difference between the proportions of women and men (eight per cent) who are still in employment past retirement age.
Table 4.5: Employment by Main Industry Type, 2003
Percentage | Percentage of people in employment |
|---|
15% Most Deprived | Rest of Scotland | Scotland |
|---|
Agriculture, fishing, energy & water | 2 | 5 | 4 |
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Manufacturing | 11 | 13 | 12 |
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Construction | 8 | 8 | 8 |
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Distribution, hotels & restaurants | 24 | 20 | 20 |
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Transport & communication | 9 | 6 | 7 |
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Banking, finance & insurance etc | 12 | 14 | 14 |
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Public admin, education & health | 28 | 29 | 29 |
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Other services | 8 | 6 | 6 |
|---|
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Table 4.5 shows that the distribution of employment across different types of industry is similar throughout Scotland. However, in the 15% most deprived areas, a lower proportion of people work in the agricultural, fishing, energy and water sector; this difference can be partly explained by the fact that 92 per cent of the 15% most deprived areas are within an urban area with a population greater than 10,000. The two largest employment sectors in Scotland are also the two largest employers of people living in the 15% most deprived areas; these are public administration, education and health (28%) and the distribution, hotels and restaurant industries (24%).
Occupation and earnings
Chart 4.6: Percentage of People in Employment by Occupation Group, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Chart 4.6 shows that people living in the 15% most deprived areas who are in employment are less likely to be in a managerial or skilled professional occupation and more likely to be employed in an unskilled occupation than someone from the rest of Scotland. This is true for both sexes. In the 15% most deprived areas 18 per cent of males are employed in either a managerial or skilled professional occupation compared to 40 per cent of males in the rest of Scotland. The occupation types are fully defined in Appendix 1.
Average full-time salaries are lower in the 15% most deprived areas. In all areas men earn more than women however, area deprivation has a greater effect on average male salaries than it does on average female salaries. Table 4.7 shows that in the 15% most deprived areas men earn (on average) 40 per cent less than those in the rest of Scotland, women (on average) earn 20 per cent less in the deprived areas. In the rest of Scotland, men earn (on average) 50 per cent more than women compared to 13 per cent more in the 15% most deprived areas. A possible explanation for this may be different occupation mix for each sex in the 15% most deprived areas compared to the rest of Scotland. Chart 4.8 shows that the range of salaries is smaller in the most deprived areas and the distribution of male earnings in the most deprived areas is closer to that of the women in the least deprived areas.
Table 4.7: Average and Median Earnings, 2003
Earnings (£) | Median | Mean |
|---|
15% Most Deprived | Rest of Scotland | Scotland | 15% Most Deprived | Rest of Scotland | Scotland |
|---|
Male | £16,000 | £22,000 | £21,000 | £18,000 | £30,000 | £29,000 |
|---|
Female | £12,000 | £16,000 | £16,000 | £16,000 | £20,000 | £20,000 |
|---|
All | £14,000 | £19,000 | £18,000 | £17,000 | £26,000 | £25,000 |
|---|
Source: Annual Labour Force Survey 2003
Chart 4.8: Distribution of Earnings, 2003
Earnings (£)
Source: Annual Labour Force Survey 2003
Qualifications of the workforce
Chart 4.9: Highest Qualification held, Working Age People, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Note: The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Chart 4.9 shows that more than one in three people of working age living in the 15% most deprived areas do not hold any qualifications, compared to one in seven people in the rest of Scotland. Thirty-three per cent of the working age population in the 15% most deprived areas holds a qualification higher than SVQ2, compared to over 60 per cent of the population in the rest of Scotland. The different levels of qualifications are defined in Appendix 1.
Chart 4.10: Highest Qualification of Working Age People in Employment, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Note: Counts of less than 3,000 have been suppressed. The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Chart 4.11: Highest Qualification of Unemployed Working Age People, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Note: Counts of less than 3,000 have been suppressed. The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Chart 4.12: Highest Qualification of Economically Inactive Working Age People, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Scottish Labour Force Survey 2003
Note: Counts of less than 3,000 have been suppressed. The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Chart numbers 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12 show that the pattern of low or no qualifications for those in the 15% most deprived areas is similar across all types of economic activity. There are a smaller proportion of people living in the most deprived areas with a higher qualification and these qualified people are less likely to be in employment in the most deprived areas than in the rest of Scotland.
In the 15% most deprived areas 74 per cent of qualified people are employed, which is significantly less than the 80 per cent of qualified people in the rest of Scotland.
Those people living in the 15% most deprived areas are more likely to be unemployed and have no or lower qualifications than the rest of Scotland. For those living in the 15% most deprived areas who are in employment, they are, on average, less highly qualified than those in employment in the rest of Scotland and are therefore more likely to be working in unskilled occupations. These unskilled occupations require fewer and lower qualifications and consequently have lower wages.
New Deal employment programme
The New Deal programme is a key part of the Government's strategy to get unemployed or economically inactive people back to work. Different programmes have been developed to target different client groups. The three main New Deal Schemes are: the New Deal for Young People ( NDYP); the New Deal 25plus ( ND25plus); and the New Deal for Lone Parents ( NDLP). The first two schemes are aimed at people who are unemployed for a qualifying length of time. Analysis of the NDLP scheme is included later in this chapter, in the section on economic inactivity. More information about the New Deal scheme is included in Appendix 1.
Chart 4.13: Number of Starts to NDYP, 1999-2003
Numbers
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Chart 4.14: Number of Starts to ND25Plus, 1999-2003
Numbers
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Between 1999 and 2003 the number of starts to both the NDYP and ND25plus fell (see Charts 4.13 and 4.14). The proportion of starts to the NDYP from the 15% most deprived areas has remained consistent, at just under 40 per cent. However the proportion of starts to the ND25plus from the 15% most deprived areas has fallen. In 1999, 40 per cent of starts to the scheme came from the 15% most deprived areas, yet in 2003 28 per cent of starts came from these areas.
Unemployment
The Labour Force Survey ( LFS) shows that the unemployment rate (see Appendix 1 for definition) in Scotland has fallen from 7.2 per cent in 1999 to 5.8 per cent in 2003. In 2003, 12 per cent of economically active people aged 16 or over in the 15% most deprived areas were unemployed compared to five per cent of those in the rest of Scotland.
Chart 4.15: Unemployment and Economic Inactivity Rates, 1991 and 2001
Percentages
Source: General Register Office for Scotland (1991 and 2001 Census)
Note: The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Unemployment and economic inactivity rates (see Appendix 1 for definitions) are consistently higher in the most deprived areas. Chart 4.15, based on census data, shows that the unemployment rate fell between 1991 and 2001. In the 10% most deprived areas the rate halved, and almost halved across the rest of Scotland. However, this fall in the unemployment rate has been off-set by an increase in the inactivity rate in all areas of Scotland. In the 10% most deprived areas the inactivity rate increased by almost a quarter (see Appendix 1 for information about the differences between the Census and the LFS). Closing the Opportunity Gap Target A reflects this change in the economic activity/inactivity distribution as it focuses on inactive benefit claimants as well as the unemployed.
The claimant count of registered unemployed people includes all people receiving Jobseekers Allowance ( JSA) and people who are registered as unemployed but do not receive JSA (more information about the claimant count is included in Appendix 1). Chart 4.16 shows that in 2004, a third of the 94,000 people on the claimant count lived in the 15% most deprived areas. The claimant count is highest amongst the 16 to 24 age group, 16 per cent of young males in the 15% most deprived areas are on the claimant count. A young male living in a 15% most deprived area is three times more likely to be on the claimant count than a young male from the rest of Scotland. Overall less women are on the claimant count than men, this is partly due to the fact that more women are eligible for income support, especially income support for lone parents (for more information about income support see Chapter 3).
Between 2003 and 2004 there was small decrease in the number of people on the claimant count (0.2 per cent). This decrease was similar across age groups, sexes and all areas of Scotland.
Chart 4.16: The Claimant Count of Registered Unemployed People, 2004
Percentages
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Note: The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Economic inactivity
The Annual Labour Force Survey shows that in 2003, just under 700,000 working age people were classified as economically inactive across Scotland and a quarter of these people were living in the 15% most deprived areas. In the 15% most deprived areas 37 per cent of the working age population is defined as economically inactive.
There are various reasons why working age people are economically inactive. The main reasons are: sickness or injury; looking after the home or family; or being a student. Chart 4.17 shows that in the most deprived areas, the proportion of economically inactive people who are sick or injured is higher whereas the proportion of students is lower. A higher proportion of economically inactive people in the 15% most deprived areas say that they want to work but are not currently looking for work (39 per cent) than in the rest of Scotland (32 per cent).
Chart 4.17: Economic Inactivity, 2003
Percentages
Source: Annual Labour Force Survey, 2003
Closing the Opportunity Gap Target B focuses on reducing the proportion of 16 to 19 year olds who are not in education training or employment, by 2008. In 2003, 25 per cent of 16 to 19 year olds living in the 15% most deprived areas were not in education, employment or training compared to 11 per cent of those living in the rest of Scotland.
A sub-section of people who are economically inactive will be claiming inactive benefits. Two such benefits are Incapacity Benefit ( IB) and Severe Disablement Allowance ( SDA) (more information about IB and SDA are included in Appendix 1). Chart 4.18 shows that across Scotland a higher proportion of men receive IB or SDA than women; this is partly because these benefits are contribution based and women are less likely to have paid sufficient contributions.
Chart 4.18: Percentage of working age population receiving Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance, 2004Percentages
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Note: The working age population comprises Males aged 16 to 64 (inclusive) and Females aged 16 to 59 (inclusive).
Table 4.19: Number of people receiving either Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance, 2004
Number | No. of Claimants (2004) 15% Most Deprived Areas | Total No. of Claimants (2004) Scotland |
|---|
Total Working Age | 105,299 | 321,677 |
|---|
Male Working Age | 62,381 | 185,487 |
|---|
Female Working Age | 42,918 | 136,190 |
|---|
Young People (aged 16-24) | 6,522 | 15,325 |
|---|
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Chart 4.18 shows that in the 15% most deprived areas claimant rates of IB/ SDA are consistently higher for both sexes. In these deprived areas more than 25 per cent of working age men and almost 20 per cent of women of working age are claiming either IB or SDA. Young people are less likely to claim IB/ SDA than the rest of the working age population. However, as shown in chart 4.20, over 40 per cent of the 15,325 'young' IB/ SDA claimants are from the 15% most deprived areas.
Chart 4.20: 'Young' recipients of Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance, 2004
Percentages
Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information Directorate
Note: Young People are those aged 16 to 24.
Table 4.21 shows the distribution of lone parent households according to the 2001 census. In the 15% most deprived areas 15 per cent of households are made up of a lone parent with dependent children, compared to 6 per cent of households in the rest of Scotland.
Table 4.21: Number of Lone Parent Households, 2001
Number, percentage | No. of lone parent households with dependent children | % Households which have a lone parent with dependent child(ren) |
|---|
15% Most Deprived Areas | 56,301 | 15 |
|---|
Rest of Scotland | 109,456 | 6 |
|---|
Scotland | 166,611 | 8 |
|---|
Source: Census 2001
Chart 4.22 shows that the number of starts to the NDLP (New Deal for Lone Parents) has increased across Scotland between 2000 and 2004. The NDLP is available to all lone parents but the scheme is targeted at lone parents on income support (analysis of income support is included in Chapter three). All lone parents on income support with a youngest child aged three years and over are invited to join to the scheme directly. In the 15% most deprived areas the proportion of lone parents claiming income support is greater than in the rest of Scotland hence the proportion of lone parents targeted for NDLP is larger. However, the proportion of lone parents starting the NDLP scheme is similar across the 15% most deprived areas and the rest of Scotland.
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