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Violence against Women: A literature
review commissioned by the National Group to Address
Violence Against Women
Footnotes
1 A timeline giving key dates is provided in Appendix
1.
2 With the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)
(Scotland) Act 1985.
3 See Appendix 1.
4 Scottish Needs Assessment Programme
5 References to the 'Hidden Figures' report by Shirley
Henderson, published by City of Edinburgh Council in 1997,
are given in this format to distinguish them from
references to the report by Sheila Henderson, also
published in 1997, on Service Provision to Women
Experiencing Domestic Violence Against Women in Scotland,
published by the Scottish office Central Research Unit.
6 Walby and Myhill, 2001:507
7 The study involves women who are African,
African-Carribean, Irish, Jewish and South Asian. Ruling
out the term 'minority ethnic' on the grounds that it has
come to be associated only with people of colour, the
authors note "...we use the term minoritisation as an
inclusive term which not only highlights relationships
across structures of racialisation, but also reflects how
these processes are based on unequal power relations"
(Batsleer et al, 2002:42).
8 Of the 130 respondents, 75% were women.
9 A Canadian national crime survey.
10 Status of Women Canada is a department of the
Canadian government responsible for…
11 Federal/Provincial/Territorial
12 Publication was scheduled for Autumn 2003.
13 Lost economic output costed at £370,000; use of
victim's services by the family - £4,700; use of health
services - £630; criminal justice costs - £22,000; value
for human impact, emotional suffering and grief - £700,000.
The interim report does not provide detailed information
about how these figures are arrived at.
14 Religious groups are commonly associated with support
services for survivors of violence in the U.S.
15 The Home Office has commissioned Prof. Liz Kelly of
the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at Metropolitan
University to undertake an evaluation of Sexual Assault
Referral Centres in England. Publication of the report is
expected later in 2004.
16 Partly as a result of a well publicised case in July
2001, in which complaints of sexual abuse were made against
six men from Ayrshire by two children. An 11 year old girl
gave evidence for 10 days and was cross examined by all six
defence advocates. The trial ended when the second child, a
six year old boy, was deemed too distressed to
continue.
17 Vulnerable Witnesses (Scotland) Act 2004.
18 The inspection took place in 1996.
19 i.e. those who had not received a Level 1
intervention either because they had offended prior to the
project's start date, or the nature of the assault
suggested intervention at Level 2 as more appropriate.
20 For similar reasons to those indicated above.
21 The authors suggest that arresting the man does not
make it more likely that he will re-offend, rather that
those men most likely to be arrested (because of the
seriousness of the offence) were also those most likely to
re-offend.
22 From the title of a report by Moira Andrew and Rory
Macrae of the Domestic Violence Probation Project,
Edinburgh.
23 A European funding source for partnership initiatives
to tackle violence against women.
24 Domestic Abuse Service Development Fund, set up by
Scottish Executive.
25 A 40% increase in reports to the police over a 30
month period; an increase from 16% to 27% in arrest rates,
and an increase from 24% to 61% in guilty pleas (Humphreys
and Holder, 2002).
26 Established by the National Group to Address Violence
Against Women to review the 1991 CoSLA recommendation of 1
refuge space per 7,500 of the population, this short life
working group initiated an audit of current refuge
provision which involved a qualitative review of Women's
Aid refuge provision, as well as a statistical analysis of
the demand for refuge space.
27 So called because people coming to the U.K. to marry
a U.K. based partner are ineligible to apply for permanent
leave to remain until they have been married for 12 months.
They are therefore dependent on their U.K. based spouse,
with no access to welfare benefits or any other form of
State assistance. For women abused by their partners, there
was therefore no recourse to the usual avenues of escape
(Joshi, 2003).
28 The evaluation report is unclear about whether
feedback from the men was included in the overall analysis
of the questionnaire responses.
29 From Multi-agency Partnership reports to the Scottish
Executive Violence Against Women Unit, 2003. The five
partnerships which indicate some degree of user
involvement, focus group activity or other consultation
with women survivors are Doorway (South Lanarkshire), East
Ayrshire, Glasgow, Renfrewshire and West Lothian.
30 Emma Humphries was convicted of killing her abusive
partner at the age of 17 and served 10 years before being
released following a landmark judgement on 'provocation'.
She died in 1998 of an overdose of the drugs she became
dependent on in prison.
31 FREDA, in British Columbia/Yukon; RESOLVE in
Manitoba/Saskatchewan/Alberta; Centre for Research on
Violence Against Women and Children in Ontario; Le Centre
de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Violence Familiale
et la Violence Faite aux Femmes in Quebec; and the Muriel
McQueen Fergusson Family Violence Research Centre in New
Brunswick.
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