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Migration and Commuting in Urban and Rural Scotland

Appendix C: Further Statistics on Commuting

This appendix provides supporting information to the analysis of commuting in chapter 4.

7.1 In-commuters to Rural Scotland

This section will look at the distances travelled by workers travelling to a place of work in either accessible or remote rural Scotland. Profiles will be produced for the areas that account for the largest flow of commuters.

7.1.1 In-commuters to Accessible Rural

Table C1 shows the separate geographic areas where in-commuters to accessible rural areas start their journeys from.

Table C1: Origin Address Location of In-commuters to Accessible Rura

Source: General Register Office for Scotland, 2001 Census.
Persons who are working, but not full-time students.

Table C1 shows that nearly half of all in-commuters to the accessible rural area were from other urban areas. The majority of all other in-commuters to the area come from the large urban areas (23%) and the accessible small towns (21%). The remote areas (small towns and rural) account for only a small amount of in-commuters, and the proportions are similar to those seen for out-commuters from accessible rural to these areas.

Given that table C1 identifies large urban areas, other urban areas, and accessible small towns as the main sources of in-commuters to the accessible rural area, profiles of the distances travelled by these commuters are now produced. The profiles will highlight differences in the types of in-commuters, in terms of age and occupation, from each area, as well as examining which groups of in-commuters are most likely to have to travel the longest and shortest distances to their place of work. Base figures can be obtained through contact details listed in notes section.

Large Urban Area to Accessible Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 5km and 10km to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 16 to 19 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The routine occupation category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Other Urban Area to Accessible Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 10km and 20km to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 age groups have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 16 to 19 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The semi-routine occupation category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Accessible Small Towns to Accessible Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 10km and 20km to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 60 to 74 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The semi-routine and small employers and own accounts occupation categories had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

7.1.2 In-commuters to Remote Rural

Table C2 shows the separate geographic areas where in-commuters to remote rural areas start their journeys from.

Table C2: Origin Address Location of In-commuters to Remote Rural

Source: General Register Office for Scotland, 2001 Census.
Persons who are working, but not full-time students

From table C2 it can be seen that the remote small towns provide the largest source of in-commuters to the remote rural area (46%). This further highlights the strong links between the remote rural areas and remote small towns, which were shown in the analysis of out-commuters from remote rural in Chapter 4. The accessible rural areas are also an important source of in-commuters to remote rural, accounting for 23% of all in-commuters. Very few workers commute from the large urban areas to remote rural, with only 5% of in-commuters falling into this category.

As with in-commuters to accessible rural, profiles are now produced for in-commuters from the three main sources: remote small towns, accessible rural and accessible small towns.

Remote Small Towns to Remote Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 5km and 10km to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 16 to 19 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The lower managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The intermediate occupation category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Accessible Rural to Remote Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 60 to 74 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The semi-routine occupation category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Accessible Small Towns to Remote Rural In-commuters

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a routine occupation
• Most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of work
• The 40 to 49 age group have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 60 to 74 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The semi-routine and small employers and own accounts occupation categories had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

7.2 Profiles of Out-commuters from Rural Scotland

7.2.1 Out-commuters from Accessible Rural

The following sections will examine the characteristics of out-commuters from accessible rural to their main destination areas through the development of case study profiles. Given the small numbers of out-commuters travelling to remote small towns and remote rural, profiles will not be constructed for out-commuters to these areas.

Accessible Rural to Large Urban Area Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 30 to 39 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of work
• The 30 to 39 age group has the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 16 to 19 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The semi-routine occupations category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Accessible Rural to Other Urban Area Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 10km and 20km to their place of work
• The 30 to 39 age group has the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 16 to 19 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The small employers and accounts occupations category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Accessible Rural to Accessible Small Town Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 5km and 10km to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group has the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 50 to 59 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The small employers and accounts occupations category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

7.2.2 Out-commuters from Remote Rural

The following sections will examine the characteristics of out-commuters from remote rural to their main destination areas through the development of case study profiles. Profiles are produced for out-commuters to remote small towns, large urban areas, and accessible rural, as they have account for the greatest amounts of out-commuters from remote rural Scotland.

Remote Rural to Remote Small Towns Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel between 10km and 20km to their place of work
• The 16 to 19 and 20 to 29 age groups have the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 60 to 74 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The small employers and accounts occupations category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

Remote Rural to Large Urban Area Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Almost all commuters, regardless of there age group or occupation category, have to travel 20km or more to their place of work

Remote Rural to Accessible Rural Out-commuter

• Most likely to be in the 40 to 49 years old age group
• Most likely to work in a lower managerial and professional occupation
• Most likely to have to travel 20km and over to their place of work
• The 20 to 29 age group has the largest amount of commuters travelling 20km or more
• The 60 to 74 age group has the most commuters travelling 5km or less
• The higher managerial and professional occupation category had the most commuters travelling 20km or more
• The small employers and accounts occupation category had the most commuters travelling 5km or less

1.3 Profiles of Students

Profiles are produced below to highlight differences in the characteristics of students travelling between different areas. An age group variable is used to pick up further differences. The following age group categories are used:

• 0 to 4 years
• 5 to 11 years
• 12 to 15 years
• 16 to 18 years
• 18 years and over

7.3.1 Students Travelling from Accessible Rural Addresses

Chapter 4 in the main report showed that the large urban areas, other urban areas, and accessible small towns accounted for the majority of students who travelled to a place of study outside of the accessible rural area. Profiles are constructed for students travelling from an accessible rural address to these areas.

Students Travelling from Accessible Rural to Large Urban Areas

• 17,000 students from accessible rural areas travelled to a place of study in a large urban area
• Most likely to be aged 18 and over
• Most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• The 18 and over age group were the most likely to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• The 5 to 11 age group were the most likely to have to travel less than 2km to their place of study

Students Travelling from Accessible Rural to Other Urban Areas

• 11,000 students from accessible rural travelled to a place of study in an other urban area
• Most likely to be in the 12 to 15 age group
• Most likely to have to travel between 5km and 10km to their place of study
• The 18 and over age group are the most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• The 5 to 11 age group are the most likely to have to travel less than 2km to their place of study

Students Travelling from Accessible Rural to Accessible Small Towns

• 19,000 students from accessible rural travelled to a place of study in an other urban area
• Most likely to be in the 12 to 15 age group
• Most likely to have to travel between 2km and 5km to their place of study
• The 18 and over age group are the most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• The 5 to 11 age group are the most likely to have to travel less than 2km to their place of study

7.3.2 Students Travelling from a Remote Rural Address

Chapter 4 in the main report showed that the other urban areas, accessible small towns, and remote small towns accounted for the majority of students who travelled to a place of study outside of the remote rural are. Profiles are constructed below for students travelling from a remote rural address to these areas.

Students Travelling from Remote Rural to Other Urban Areas

• 2,000 students from remote rural areas travelled to a place of study in an other urban area
• Most likely to be aged 18 and over
• Most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• Whilst the majority of students in all age groups were likely to travel 20km or more to their place of study, those in the 18 and over age group were the most likely
• The 5 to11 age group were the most likely to have to travel less than 10km to their place of study

Students Travelling from Remote Rural to Accessible Small Towns

• 3,000 students from accessible rural travelled to a place of study in an accessible small town
• Most likely to be in the 12 to 15 age group
• Most likely to have to travel between 5km and 10km to their place of study
• The 18 and over age group are the most likely to have to travel 20km or more to their place of study
• The 0 to 4 age group are the most likely to have to travel less than 2km to their place of study

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