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SEED Sponsored Research: Children starting school in Scotland

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SEED Sponsored Research: Children starting school in Scotland

7 Overall Summary

7.1 The widespread use of the PIPS On-entry Baseline Assessment has created a unique database that had not been examined in detail from a Scottish perspective until now. The research was divided into three parts and the main findings in response to the three research questions are outlined below:

7.2 What do children know and what can they do when they start school in Scotland?

  • There was a very large variation across children with some reading fluently and adept at working with numbers and others having difficulty counting a few objects and not yet in a position to identify any letters of the alphabet.
  • Older children started school at higher levels to the tune of about 0.05 standard deviations per month.
  • There was no difference in mathematics development of boys and girls at the start of school. Girls had higher scores for reading, vocabulary and phonological awareness. The greatest advantage was for reading where they were a fifth of a Standard Deviation ahead of the boys. The standard deviations for the boys' scores in vocabulary and mathematics were higher than for girls, meaning that there were proportionately more boys with extreme scores (both high and low) than girls.
  • Children with an entitlement to free school meals scored about a third of a standard deviation below those who did not have such an entitlement.
  • The amount of pre-school experience was almost unrelated to the baseline scores. This contrasts with the strong relationship found in the English data.

7.3 Do children starting school in Scotland have the same age related development profile as children in England, Western Australia and New Zealand?

  • The developmental patterns of children starting school in Scotland was very similar to children in three other English-speaking countries. Children in Scotland found the same tasks as easy or as difficult as children in other countries. The correspondence was very tight.
  • When the age of the children at the start of school was taken into account, the mean reading and mathematics scores of the older children starting school in Scotland were lower than expected. However, the vocabulary scores of these older pupils were in line with children of the same age from other countries.

7.4 Is there an optimum age for starting school?

  • Multi level analysis found that the age of pupils when they started school did not influence the amount of progress that they made in reading, mathematics vocabulary and non-verbal ability between the start of Primary 1 and Primary 3. Younger children were not disadvantaged. Nor was there any significant interaction with age, sex or socio-economic status. These findings also applied to pupils' attitudes.

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Page updated: Thursday, March 24, 2005