The Scottish Government

2004

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
RESEARCH AIMS
METHODOLOGY
REPORT STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF INTEGRATED SCHEME
MODAL DIFFERENCES
AREA
TECHNOLOGY
WIN-WIN POTENTIAL
EFFECTS ON PATRONAGE
SERVICE DEVELOPMENT
REVENUE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
RELATED POLICIES
POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION
OVERALL SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL BENEFITS
SUMMARY OF EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES
KEY POINTS AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3: CURRENT TICKET AVAILABILITY AND STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF AN INTEGRATED TICKET
INTEGRATED TICKET MODES
OTHER TICKET CONDITIONS
TICKET PURPOSE AND MARKETS
SCHEME ADMINISTRATION
BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION
BUSINESS CASE
INTEGRATED TICKET SCHEMES
KEY POINTS AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDIES AND SCHEME PERCEPTION
INTRODUCTION
NETWORK TICKETING TYNE AND WEAR NETWORK TRAVELTICKET
GMPTE TRAVELCARD
SPT ZONECARD
SCOTRAIL/CALMAC FREEDOM OF SCOTLAND TRAVELPASS
OFT & LONDON OYSTER CARD
OYSTER CARD
OFFICE OF FAIR TRADING
IMPLICATIONS OF CASE STUDIES FOR FUTURE INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES IN SCOTLAND
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
CHAPTER 5: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS
INTRODUCTION
PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS
BUY-IN AND SCHEME MANAGEMENT
REVENUE ALLOCATION
OFT REGULATIONS
PRICING
MARKETING
INCLUSION OF RAIL SERVICES IN INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES
PASSENGER PERCEPTIONS
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL TAKE-UP AND IMPACT OF INTEGRATED TICKETING IN SCOTLAND: SURVEY FINDINGS
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT TRAVEL PATTERNS
CURRENT USE OF AND ATTITUDES TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT
AWARENESS OF INTEGRATED TICKETS AND OTHER SCHEMES
POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR INTEGRATED TICKETS
VIEWS ON PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TICKETING
CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 7: DEMAND MODELLING
INTRODUCTION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES
IMPLICATIONS ON A NATIONAL LEVEL
WILLINGNESS TO PAY
OTHER FACTORS
SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS
CHAPTER 8: DISCUSSION OF INTEGRATED TICKETING PILOT AREA OPTIONS
INTRODUCTION
TICKET FORMAT
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ON THE COMPONENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL SCHEME
PILOT SCHEME RECOMMENDATIONS
DETAILED SCHEME CHARACTERISTICS
CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY
APPENDIX B: CURRENT SCHEME COVERAGE
APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY BACKGROUND INFORMATION
APPENDIX D: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: ADDITIONAL TABLES

List of Tables

Table 3.1 - Key components of an Integrated Ticket
Table 3.2 - Can "Integrated Ticket" Apply To One Mode
Table 3.3 - What modes must be included?
Table 3.4 - What modes could be included?
Table 3.5 - Minimum number of bus operators within an integrated ticket scheme
Table 3.6 - Possible durations of an integrated ticket
Table 3.7 - Minimum area of an integrated ticket
Table 3.8 - Most useful areas for integrated tickets
Table 3.9 - Primary Purpose of an Integrated Ticket
Table 3.10 - Target markets of an Integrated Ticket
Table 3.11 - Preferred administrative companies
Table 3.12 - Perceived barrier to implementation
Table 3.13 - Is there a business case?
Table 3.14 - Perceived commercial impacts of integrated tickets
Table 3.15 - Measures required to encourage taking part in a scheme
Table 3.16 - Identified areas that could benefit from integrated tickets
Table 6.1 - Types of transport used for different kinds of trips (% of all respondents)
Table 6.2 - Usual journey patterns for different kinds of trips (% of respondents who make that kind of trip in a typical week)
Table 6.3 - Usual means of travel to place of work or study from 2001 Census (% of adults aged 16-74 in employment or studying)
Table 6.4 - Level of agreement or disagreement with statements about car use and public transport (% of all respondents)
Table 6.5 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents)
Table 6.6 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents by area)
Table 6.7 - Whether heard of or used different types of ticket (% of respondents in areas where the ticket applies)
Table 6.8 - Usefulness of a ticket you could use on all bus operators (% of respondents)
Table 6.9 - Usefulness of a ticket you could use on all public transport (bus, rail and ferries) (% of respondents)
Table 6.10 - Whether would buy 'ideal' integrated ticket (% of respondents)
Table 6.11 - Anticipated journey patterns for different kinds of trips (% of respondents who said they would make that trip different if they bought ticket)
Table 6.12 -Other journeys do not make at the moment but might make (more often) if bought new ticket by socio-economic class (% of respondents who would buy ticket)
Table 6.13 - Proportion of respondents interested in different ticket types by age (Column percentages)
Table 6.14 - Interest in buying different types of ticket (% of respondents)
Table 7.1 - Proportion willing to buy ticket at 50% of weekly travel costs by employment status/car availability
Table 7.2 - Estimate take-up of integrated tickets based on Integrated ticketing Household Survey and 2001 Census data
Table 7.3 - The contribution of the significant factors to the final model of willingness to pay for an integrated ticket.
Table 8.1: Summary of uptake in example areas

List of Tables in Appendices

Table 2 - Number of Case Study questionnaires returned by scheme
Table 3 - Number of Case Study responses by respondent type
Table 4 - Age by area (% of Household Survey respondents compared with 2001 Census)
Table 5 - Economic activity by area (% of Household Survey respondents)
Table 6 - Working status by area (% of Household Survey respondents compared with 2001 Census)
Table 7 - Household type by area (% of respondents)
Table 8 - Annual household income before tax by area (% of respondents who are householders or their spouse/partner)
Table D 1- Average (mean) number of trips made per week for various purposes by working status (no. of trips)
Table D 2 - Weekly spend on Petrol and car parking by area (% of respondents who ever make trips by car)
Table D 3 - Weekly spend on public transport and taxis by area (% of all respondents)
Table D 4 - Rating of bus services in the respondent's area (% of respondents)
Table D 5 - Rating of train services in the respondent's area (% of respondents)
Table D 6 - Rating of other public transport services, e.g. ferries, in the respondent's area (% of respondents)
Table D 7- Level of agreement or disagreement with "Where possible, I prefer to travel by public transport rather than by car" by number of cars per household (row %)
Table D 8 - Level of agreement or disagreement with "Even if the public transport in my area was really good, I would still prefer to travel by car most of the time" by number of cars per household (row %)
Table D 9 - Whether practical to use buses and trains for different types of trip (% of respondents who make this type of trip by car)
Table D 10 - Proportion who agreed it would be "practical" for them to travel to work by bus by distance travelled to work (working adults making more than one trip to work per week and who drive to work, column percentages)
Table D 11- Reasons travel to work/education by car rather than public transport (% of respondents who usually travel to work/education by car)
Table D 12 - Reasons for commuting by car by area (% of respondents who travel to work by car)
Table D 13 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents in Aberdeen TTWA)
Table D 14 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents in Edinburgh TTWA)
Table D 15 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents in Perth TTWA)
Table D 16 - Whether would use public transport more often if … (% of respondents in Oban, Islay and Mull TTWAs)
Table D 17- Whether ever make journeys using more than one mode of (public) transport by area (% of respondents)
Table D 18 - Experience of and attitudes towards different ways of buying tickets for journeys in Scotland (% of respondents)

This report is available on the Scottish Executive Social Research website only
www.scotland.gov.uk/socialresearch.