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PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT 2000 - SCOTLAND ANALYSIS
Country of Birth
3. In all countries bar one, students whose parents were born outside the testing country perform worse than students whose parents were born in the country (native students). Students who themselves were born outside of the testing country (non-native students) perform worse still. The difference between native and first generation students is more marked in Scotland than in the rest of the UK, but less than in most OECD countries. The difference between first generation and non-native students is less in Scotland than in most OECD countries, including the rest of the UK, although in 4 OECD countries, non-native students outperform first generation students.
Table 12. Percentage of students and performance on the PISA reading literacy scale, by students' and parents' country of birth, by country
| Native students (students who were born in the country of assessment with at least one of their parents born in the same country) | First-generation students (students who were born in the country of assessment but whose parents were foreign-born) | Non-native students (students who were foreign-born and whose parents were also foreign-born |
Percentage of students | Performance on the PISA reading literacy scale | Percentage of students | Performance on the PISA reading literacy scale | Percentage of students | Performance on the PISA reading literacy scale |
Mean score | Mean score | Mean score |
OECD countries |
Australia | 77.4 | 532 | 10.7 | 528 | 11.9 | 513 |
Austria | 90.4 | 515 | 3.7 | 453 | 5.9 | 422 |
Belgium | 88.0 | 522 | 8.6 | 411 | 3.4 | 431 |
Canada | 79.5 | 538 | 10.8 | 539 | 9.8 | 511 |
Czech Republic | 98.9 | 501 | 0.6 | * | 0.5 | * |
Denmark | 93.8 | 504 | 2.4 | 409 | 3.8 | 433 |
Finland | 98.7 | 548 | 0.2 | * | 1.0 | 468 |
France | 88.0 | 512 | 9.8 | 471 | 2.2 | 434 |
Germany | 84.8 | 507 | 5.1 | 432 | 10.1 | 419 |
Greece | 95.2 | 478 | 0.5 | * | 4.3 | 403 |
Hungary | 98.3 | 482 | 0.1 | * | 1.6 | 486 |
Iceland | 99.2 | 509 | 0.2 | * | 0.6 | * |
Ireland | 97.7 | 528 | 0.9 | 519 | 1.4 | 573 |
Italy | 99.1 | 489 | 0.2 | * | 0.8 | 445 |
Japan | 99.9 | 525 | 0.0 | * | 0.1 | * |
Luxembourg | 65.8 | 474 | 17.8 | 399 | 16.4 | 370 |
Mexico | 96.4 | 427 | 1.1 | 378 | 2.5 | 329 |
New Zealand | 80.4 | 538 | 6.4 | 507 | 13.2 | 507 |
Norway | 95.4 | 510 | 1.5 | 464 | 3.1 | 449 |
Poland | 99.7 | 482 | 0.0 | * | 0.2 | * |
Portugal | 96.9 | 472 | 1.8 | 463 | 1.4 | 450 |
SCOTLAND | 97.8 | 526 | 1.5 | 499 | 0.7 | 487 |
Spain | 98.0 | 494 | 0.6 | 450 | 1.4 | 460 |
Sweden | 89.5 | 523 | 4.7 | 485 | 5.9 | 450 |
Switzerland | 79.3 | 514 | 9.3 | 460 | 11.4 | 402 |
United Kingdom | 90.4 | 528 | 7.0 | 510 | 2.6 | 456 |
United States | 86.4 | 511 | 7.4 | 478 | 6.1 | 466 |
OECD total | 91.3 | 503 | 4.6 | 479 | 4.1 | 452 |
OECD average | 91.0 | 506 | 4.3 | 467 | 4.7 | 446 |
Non-OECD countries |
Brazil | 99.6 | 398 | 0.3 | * | 0.1 | * |
Latvia | 77.9 | 462 | 1.5 | 423 | 20.6 | 454 |
Liechtenstein | 79.4 | 500 | 10.2 | 446 | 10.4 | 392 |
Russian Federation | 95.4 | 463 | 1.8 | 452 | 2.8 | 458 |
* based on too few responses to be valid
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