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SCOTTISH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 2004: SUMMARY TECHNICAL REPORT
Introduction
Aim
The aim of this report is to provide the reader with a clear overview of the methodology used to develop the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2004, and to present some Local Authority level summary results.
The nature of the SIMD 2004 and the range of detailed information that it provides makes it impossible for the all the results and background to be presented on paper in a meaningful manner. This is therefore being done through an accompanying website which can be accessed through www.scotland.gov.uk/SIMD2004Mapping. In addition the Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS) website will be updated in summer 2004 to incorporate information from SIMD 2004.
In addition to the information available through the interactive map, the SNS and this summary report, the Office of the Chief Statistician is happy to respond to queries about all aspects of the data, analysis, presentation and use of the SIMD 2004.
Background
In August 2003 the Scottish Executive published a report from the Scottish Centre for Research on Social Justice (SCRSJ) called ' Measuring Deprivation in Scotland : Developing a Long-Term Strategy' 1. The team behind this report had been commissioned by the Executive to
- provide a clear definition and conceptual basis for measuring deprivation. This should clarify how the terms relate to others used to refer to social need such as poverty, social exclusion or social injustice.
- set out the long-term strategy for measuring area deprivation building on the Scottish Indices of Deprivation (SID) 2003 2 .
- explore approaches to measuring deprivation for individuals. In particular, to recommend whether individual measures should be developed as replacements to area-based measures or as additional to them.
In delivering the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2004, the Executive is implementing the recommendation in the long term strategy report to build on the SID 2003. Whilst the SIMD 2004 makes use of the same basic methodology developed for the SID 2003, there have been significant steps forward in both the updating of data, and the geographic unit of analysis. The SIMD 2004 is based on the recently introduced small area statistical geography called Data Zones 3 which will enable users to compare relative deprivation at a small area level across Scotland.
This small area geography will help to identify 'pockets' of deprivation that may previously have been missed in analyses based on postcode sectors or wards. It will also allow the greater focusing of area based policy initiatives and service delivery strategies.
The SIMD 2004 is applicable to the whole of Scotland and can be used to identify area level relative deprivation across urban and rural parts of the country. The results of the analysis do indicate those areas identified as the most deprived are to be found in Scotland's urban centres. Some summary results are
- The most deprived Data Zone is S01003379 in Glasgow City which is split between Queenslie and Barlanark wards.
- The least deprived Data Zone is S01001754 in East Renfrewshire which is in Giffnock North ward.
- Glasgow City contains almost half of those areas listed in the most deprived 10% of Data Zones.
- Angus, East Lothian, Eilean Siar, Midlothian, Moray, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands have no areas in the most deprived 10% of Data Zones.
The SIMD 2004 was produced in-house by the Office of the Chief Statistician. As noted above the work was based on the methodology developed for the SID 2003 and the Executive would like to thank Chris Dibben from the Social Disadvantage Research Centre at University of Oxford for providing valuable advice on some of the more technical matters regarding the construction of the indices. The Executive would also like to thank Professor Gillian Raab at Napier University for her help in quality assuring the SAS programmes and interpretation of the shrinkage techniques and factor analysis.
The Executive would also like to thank colleagues across the public sector that provided the necessary data and quality assured the final product. It does however go without saying that the Executive takes full responsibility for the final SIMD 2004.
This report outlines the indicators and domains which were used to construct the SIMD 2004. It also summarises the procedures used to create the overall index.
An interactive map and associated background data can be found at
www.scotland.gov.uk/SIMD2004Mapping
www.scotland.gov.uk/SIMD2004Data
Office of the Chief Statistician
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