Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report

The report presents results across the main policy areas covered in the Census analysed by ethnic group


Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report

2. HOUSING

Accommodation type

Table 2.1: Type of housing by ethnic group - All People in Households in Unshared Accommodation
Percentages

Ethnic Group

House or Bungalow

Flat, Maisonette or Apartment

Base

White Scottish

72

28

4,393,050

Other White British

74

26

360,739

White Irish

60

39

47,826

Other White

56

44

73,276

Indian

62

38

14,628

Pakistani

55

44

31,611

Bangladeshi

49

51

1,948

Other South Asian

50

50

5,933

Chinese

61

39

15,275

Caribbean

55

44

1,689

African

38

62

4,791

Black Scottish or Other Black

49

51

1,101

Any Mixed Background

56

43

12,366

Other ethnic group

49

51

9,033

All People in Households in Unshared Accommodation

71

29

4,973,266

Notes: The above table provides data on households living in unshared accommodation only. The row percentages may not sum to 100 as a small percentage of people responded that they lived in a caravan or other mobile/temporary structure.

  • 71% of all people live in houses or bungalows. 29% live in flats or maisonettes.
  • Only 38% of Africans and less than 50% of people from Bangladeshi, Black Scottish or Other Black, and Other ethnic groups live in houses or bungalows.

Tenure type

Table 2.2: Tenure by ethnic group by age - All People in Households, aged 16 years and over
Percentages

All People

White Scottish

Other White British

White Irish

Other White

Indian

Pakistani

Bangladeshi

Other South Asian

Chinese

Caribbean

African

Black Scottish or Other Black

Mixed

Other

16-29 years

Owned

59.5

61.5

47.4

45.8

34.5

58.5

72.6

56.6

44.1

56.1

39.8

26.5

38.9

45.0

30.1

Rented / Living rent free

40.5

38.5

52.6

54.2

65.5

41.5

27.4

43.4

55.9

43.9

60.2

73.5

61.1

55.0

69.9

30-49 years

Owned

71.1

71.0

74.3

75.2

62.7

74.0

75.5

52.5

51.8

75.3

63.0

37.3

55.0

60.0

50.5

Rented / Living rent free

28.9

29.0

25.7

24.8

37.3

26.0

24.5

47.5

48.2

24.7

37.0

62.7

45.0

40.0

49.5

50-pensionable age

Owned

73.6

72.6

82.6

70.1

76.3

88.1

78.8

73.8

73.8

84.9

77.0

71.1

53.2

61.4

71.5

Rented / Living rent free

26.4

27.4

17.4

29.9

23.7

11.9

21.2

26.2

26.2

15.1

23.0

28.9

46.8

38.6

28.5

Pensionable age-74 years

Owned

67.3

66.2

80.2

62.7

76.5

83.0

77.6

69.5

55.0

66.0

69.4

55.9

48.4

53.0

66.5

Rented / Living rent free

32.7

33.8

19.8

37.3

23.5

17.0

22.4

30.5

45.0

34.0

30.6

44.1

51.6

47.0

33.5

75 years +

Owned

55.3

53.9

69.5

51.5

66.3

72.9

72.1

64.3

45.0

47.5

54.1

61.9

38.6

47.7

43.9

Rented / Living rent free

44.7

46.1

30.5

48.5

33.7

27.1

27.9

35.7

55.0

52.5

45.9

38.1

61.4

52.3

56.1

All Ages (16+)

Owned

67.3

67.2

71.1

63.7

56.9

70.6

74.7

57.3

51.7

68.2

58.5

36.9

48.0

52.2

46.2

Rented / Living rent free

32.7

32.8

28.9

36.3

43.1

29.4

25.3

42.7

48.3

31.8

41.5

63.1

52.0

47.8

53.8

Base

4,007,466

3,506,928

323,596

45,143

62,359

11,204

21,153

1,341

4,244

11,893

1,388

3,607

769

6,785

7,056

Notes: It is possible that form-fillers on housing benefit may have ticked 'living rent free' in response to the Census question on 'owns/rents' - thus the rented and living rent free categories are combined.

  • 67% of people in Scotland aged 16 years and above live in homes which are owned either outright or with a loan or mortgage. This rate rises to over 70% for people who are Pakistani, Other White British or Indian.
  • The proportion of Pakistanis and Indians who live in owned homes is higher than the overall Scottish figure for all age groups, with the exception of Indians aged 16-29 years.
  • The percentage of African and Black Scottish people aged 16 years and above who live in homes which are owned is less than 50%. There is however considerable variation in proportions between the different age groups. Only 26.5% of 16-29 year old Africans and 39.8% of 16-29 year old Caribbeans live in owned homes; this compares with an overall Scottish figure of 59.5%. The African group also has the lowest proportion of 30-49 year olds in owned homes (37.3%). However the proportion of Africans aged 75 and over who own their homes is much higher than the Scottish figure (61.9% versus 55.3%) and the rate for Caribbeans of this age is very similar to the Scottish figure (54.1% versus 55.3%).

Given the differences in ownership rates between different ethnic groups, there are obviously differences in the proportion of each group who live in rented accommodation. Taking all ages together, Africans, Other Ethnic group, and Black Scottish/Other Black are the groups who have the highest proportion of people living in rented accommodation 7. As well as the overall differences in the proportions who rent, there are considerable differences between ethnic groups in the proportion who rent from the social sector and those who rent privately.

Rented Accommodation

Table 2.3: Rented accommodation by ethnic group - All People in Rented Accommodation
Percentages

Ethnic Group

Social Rented Accommodation

Private Rented Accommodation

Base

All White groups

78

22

1,638,203

All minority ethnic groups

48

52

35,700

All People in Rented Accommodation

78

22

1,673,903

  • Minority ethnic people are much less likely than White people to be renting in the public sector (Council, Scottish Homes, and Housing Associations).
  • 78% of White people rent their homes in the public sector compared to 48% of all minority ethnic people.

chart

Note: Social Rented accommodation includes those homes that are rented from the Council (or Scottish Homes), RSL and Housing Associations. Private Rented accommodation includes those homes that are rented from a private landlord or letting agency, employer of a household member, relatives or friends, and any others.

  • Of those renting accommodation, 82% of White Scottish people rent from the public sector compared with only 30% of Indians and 31% of Other White people.

Table 2.4 (below) provides a further breakdown of rented accommodation by social rented and private rented. There are large differences across the ethnic groups in relation to the types of rented accommodation.

  • Only 20% of Indians rent their accommodation from the Council or Scottish Homes. This compares with 67% of White Scottish people.
  • Consequently, there are differences in the proportions renting from private landlords or letting agencies: 56% of Indians rent privately compared to only 12% of White Scottish people.
  • Only a very small number of people rent their accommodation from relatives or friends; Pakistani (8%) and Chinese (8%) have the highest percentage renting from relatives or friends.

Table 2.4: Rented Accommodation by ethnic group - All People in Rented Accommodation
Percentages

Social rented: Rented from council (or Scottish Homes)

Social rented: Rented RSL or Housing Association

Private rented: Private landlord or letting agency

Private rented: Employer of a household member

Private rented: Relative or friend of a household member

Private rented: Other

Base

White Scottish

67

16

12

2

2

1

1,482,076

Other White British

32

11

41

7

5

5

107,358

White Irish

49

14

30

2

3

3

17,134

Other White

23

8

57

4

4

5

31,635

Indian

20

10

56

5

4

5

4,187

Pakistani

32

19

38

1

8

2

8,331

Bangladeshi

47

5

34

2

5

6

847

Other South Asian

41

14

32

2

3

7

2,910

Chinese

28

13

38

3

8

8

4,513

Caribbean

43

13

35

2

2

4

722

African

39

15

36

2

2

5

3,077

Black Scottish or Other Black

52

18

24

2

2

2

595

Any Mixed Background

45

16

32

2

4

3

5,549

Other ethnic group

27

9

48

4

3

9

4,969

All People in Rented Accommodation

63

15

16

2

3

1

1,673,903

Notes: RSL is an abbreviation for Registered Social Landlords.

Communal Establishments

Table 2.5: People living in communal establishments by ethnic group - All People
Percentages

Percentage of all people living in medical and care establishments

Percentage of all people living in other types of communal establishments 8

Percentage of all people living in communal establishments

Base

White Scottish

1.0

0.5

1.4

4,459,071

Other White British

0.7

2.6

3.4

373,685

White Irish

1.2

1.9

3.1

49,428

Other White

1.0

4.9

5.9

78,150

Indian

0.4

2.1

2.5

15,037

Pakistani

0.1

0.4

0.5

31,793

Bangladeshi

0.3

1.3

1.6

1,981

Other South Asian

0.4

3.4

3.8

6,196

Chinese

0.3

5.8

6.1

16,310

Caribbean

0.8

3.9

4.7

1,778

African

0.5

5.5

6.0

5,118

Black Scottish or Other Black

0.2

2.2

2.4

1,129

Any Mixed Background

0.2

2.8

3.0

12,764

Other ethnic group

0.5

4.5

5.0

9,571

All People

0.9

0.8

1.7

5,062,011

  • The Chinese, African and Other White groups have the highest percentage of people living in communal establishments: 6.1%, 6.0% and 5.9%. This compares with 0.5% of Pakistanis and 1.4% of White Scottish people who live in communal establishments.
  • The White Irish, White Scottish and Other White groups have the highest percentage of people living in medical and care establishments with 1.2%, 1.0% and 1.0% respectively.
  • 5.8% of Chinese people are living in non-medical communal establishments.

Occupancy rating

The occupancy rating as calculated by GROS relates the actual number of rooms in a household to the number required by that household based on the ages of the household members and the relationship between them. A positive occupancy rating (i.e. 1 or 2+ or more) indicates that there are more rooms than are 'required' by that household. A rating of zero indicates the actual number of rooms to be the same as the number required and a negative rating (-1 or less) indicates less rooms than are 'required'. Chart 2.2 shows the percentage of households from each ethnic group within each occupancy rating band.

chart

  • Pakistani and Bangladeshi households have the highest incidence of households living below the occupancy rating standard (31%). The African group has the second highest proportion (30%).
  • The Other White British group has the lowest proportion of households living below that occupancy rating standard (7%).

Central Heating

Chart 2.3 shows the percentage of households from each ethnic group who have central heating. The Census describes a household as 'with central heating' if it has central heating in some or all rooms whether used or not.

chart

  • There are variations across the different ethnic groups in relation to the proportions of households with central heating. The Bangladeshi group has the lowest percentage of households with central heating (84%). This is followed by Other South Asian, African and Pakistani households - only 89% of households in each of these groups have central heating.

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