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SPECIFICATION FOR THE REINSTATEMENT OF OPENINGS IN ROADS
S8 Footways, Footpaths and Cycletracks
S8.1 Reinstatement Methods
S8.1.1 General
1) Cycletracks that are part of the carriageway shall be reinstated to carriageway standards. The Undertaker shall carry out the reinstatement in accordance with one of the following methods and should endeavour to achieve the greatest degree of immediate permanent reinstatement.
2) In the event of prior notification by the Authority, where local custom and practice has been to surface footways, footpaths and cycletracks with aggregates of a certain minimum PSV, then the Undertaker shall provide a similar PSV, at the time of permanent reinstatement, subject to the requirements of Section S2.6.1.
3) Permitted materials and layer thicknesses are specified in Appendices A1, A2, A7 and A9 to A12.
S8.1.2 Method A - All Permanent Reinstatement
The excavation shall be reinstated to a permanent standard at the first visit.
S8.1.3 Method B - Permanent Binder Course Reinstatement
1) In flexible structures, the backfill, sub-base and binder course shall be reinstated to a permanent standard at the first visit.
2) The permanent binder course material, or an alternative interim material, shall be extended to the running surface, with or without a thin separating medium at the binder course/surface course interface. The alternative interim material may be deferred set material.
3) On the second visit, all interim surfacing materials shall be removed, to the top of the binder course, and an appropriate permanent surface course laid.
4) Where a sand separation layer is present, prior to the reinstatement of the permanent surface course, the sand shall be removed, to the top of the binder course, the surface brushed clean and a tack coat applied.
S8.1.4 Method C - Permanent Sub-Base Reinstatement
1) The backfill and sub-base shall be reinstated to a permanent standard at the first visit, with an interim surfacing.
2) For flexible or rigid structures, the interim surface course and some or all of the interim binder course may be deferred set material. The lower portion of the interim binder course may be an unbound granular material.
3) For modular structures, the interim surfacing may be deferred set material, paving modules or any combination thereof.
4) On the second visit, all interim surfacing materials shall be removed, to the top of the sub-base, and an appropriate permanent surfacing shall be laid.
S8.2 Sub-base and Binder Course Reinstatement
S8.2.1 General
1) In a footway, footpath or cycletrack, the sub-base is any layer of imported granular or cement bound material existing immediately below the surfacing materials. Where such a sub-base layer exists, a similar or equivalent material shall be laid to a thickness of 150 mm, or to match the existing, whichever is less, subject to a minimum of 100 mm of Class A Graded Granular Material.
2) Permitted options are shown in Appendix A7, subject to the following exceptions:
S8.2.2 Small Reinstatements
1) In small excavations and narrow trenches, the following options shall be permitted, regardless of whether the existing sub-base is a bound material:
a) A CBM3 sub-base of 100 mm thickness.
b) A 50/20 HRABC or 20 mm DBC sub-base of 40 mm thickness.
c) Three equal layers of 15/10 HRAWC or 6 mm DBWC material may be laid to a total thickness of 100 mm, as a combined sub-base, binder course and surface course.
S8.2.3 Alternative Reinstatement Materials
Alternative Reinstatement Materials may be laid at sub-base level, in accordance with Appendix A9.
S8.2.4 Reinstatements Adjacent to Roads
Where road construction layers, foundation platforms, structural courses, kerb beams and/or backing providing the edge support to the road structure are found to extend below an adjacent footway, footpath, cycletrack or verge, any reinstatement therein shall take account of such provisions.
In such cases, the sub-structure of the footway, footpath, cycletrack or verge shall be reinstated to match the existing layer thicknesses with similar or equivalent materials.
S8.3 Surface Reinstatement
S8.3.1 General
Surface reinstatement options are shown in Appendix A7, subject to the following exceptions:
S8.3.2 High Duty and High Amenity
1) The Authority shall register all high duty and/or high amenity footways, footpaths or cycletracks and shall identify a suitable source or supplier of reinstatement materials.
2) The Undertaker shall reinstate all registered High Duty/High Amenity footways, footpaths or cycletracks with matching materials from the identified source or supplier.
3) Where aggregates of an especially distinctive colour are encountered and the local custom and practice has been to complete all previous surfacing in a similarly matching material, the reinstatement shall be in accordance with S6.4.5.4.
S8.3.3 Other Material to BS 4987
Other coated material to BS 4987 footways, footpaths or cycletracks shall be reinstated with a 6mm dense surface course material to BS 4987, unless the existing surface is a material to BS 4987 of aggregate size significantly finer than 6mm, in which case it may be regarded by the Undertaker as either coated material to BS 4987 or asphalt and reinstated accordingly.
S8.3.4 Other Asphalt
Other asphalt footways, footpaths or cycletracks shall be reinstated with a 15/10 hot rolled asphalt, chipped as necessary to match the existing. A 15/10 hot rolled asphalt may also be used where the existing material is mastic asphalt, asphalt sand carpet or other derivatives, unless otherwise designated.
S8.3.5 Concrete Materials
1) Concrete footways, footpaths or cycletracks shall be reinstated with C30 minimum strength concrete, to match the existing thickness. For small excavations, a site-batched concrete of equivalent strength may be used.
2) Where the existing concrete has been air entrained, then air-entrained concrete, to SHW Clause 1001, shall be used. Air entrained concrete may be used elsewhere, at the discretion of the Undertaker.
S8.3.6 Modular Footways, Footpaths and Cycletracks
1) Modular footways, footpaths and cycletracks shall be reinstated in accordance with the permitted materials and layer thicknesses specified in Appendix A7.3.
2) The modular surface layer shall be reinstated in accordance with Appendix A12. The requirements and recommendations for the provision of replacement modules are shown in Appendix A12.
S8.3.7 Edge Requirements
1) For all footways, footpaths and cycletracks, the edge regularity and any undercutting shall comply with the requirements specified in Sections S6.5.2.1 and S6.5.2.4, respectively.
2) For all flexible footways, footpaths and cycletracks, the edge sealing and any overbanding shall comply with the requirements specified in Sections S6.5.2.2 and S6.5.2.5, respectively.
3) For all concrete footways, footpaths and cycletracks, the treatment of any cracking shall comply with the requirements specified in Section S7.4.2 3).
4) For all footways, footpaths and cycletracks, where trim-lines for the reinstatement edges are within 150 mm of an edge, kerb, ironwork or other reinstatements, the trim-lines shall be extended to the interface of the edge, kerb etc. This additional reinstatement may be confined to the surface course provided lower courses have not been damaged.
S8.3.8 Special Materials
1) Other specialist surfacing materials shall be reinstated in accordance with Section S6.4.5.5.
2) In high duty footways, footpaths and cycletracks where local custom and practice has been to complete previous surface restoration of excavations with overbanding or other coating of a certain minimum skid resistance value, the Undertaker shall provide a similar minimum skid resistance value for the material used to overband reinstatement edges.
S8.4 Vehicular Trafficking
S8.4.1 Commercial Access
1) Where a recognised route for commercial vehicles crosses a footway, footpath or cycletrack, including specified pedestrian areas and precincts, it shall be assumed that provisions for commercial vehicle loading were incorporated in the original design. The relevant area of footway, footpath or cycletrack shall be deemed to be a Type 4 road, of flexible, composite, rigid or modular construction, depending on the existing structure.
2) The reinstatement of such areas shall comply with the relevant requirements of Sections S6 or S7, as appropriate.
3) Where a special construction has been incorporated within the original design to cater for expected traffic greater than the Type 4 limiting capacity, the Undertaker should consult the Authority.
S8.4.2 Domestic Access
1) Where a recognised domestic vehicle crossing or occasional emergency service vehicle access route crosses a footway, footpath or cycletrack, including specified pedestrian areas or precincts, the existing structure may include thicker layers, higher quality materials or other strengthening measures.
2) The reinstatement of such areas shall match the existing layer thicknesses, with similar or equivalent materials.
S8.4.3 Other Trafficking
1) Where a footway, footpath or cycletrack, including specified pedestrian areas or precincts, is subjected to regular vehicle overrunning or parking, the existing structure may include thicker layers, higher quality materials or other strengthening measures.
2) The reinstatement of such areas shall match the existing layer thicknesses, with similar or equivalent materials.
S8.5 Tolerances
S8.5.1 Performance requirements and tolerances permitted in the reinstatement of footways, footpaths and cycletracks shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section S2 and Appendix A.2.
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