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DETERMINED TO SUCCEED - A REVIEW OF ENTERPRISE IN EDUCATION: EVIDENCE REPORT
REFERENCES
1. Introduction and 2. Why? The economic and education imperatives for quality Education for Work and Enterprise
(References for text and Appendices)
Brown C (2000) 'Entrepreneurial Education Teaching Guide' CELCEE Digest number 00-7 Kansas: CELCEE at http://www.celcee.edu/products/digest/Dig00-7.html
Brown R (2000) Getting Old and Grey? The Implications of Demographic Change and Population Ageing for the Scottish Labour Market Paper for the Labour Market Intelligence Unit, Glasgow: Scottish Enterprise
Curriculum Corporation (2001) at http://www.curriculum.edu.au/enterprise (website developed with support of Australian Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs through the Australian Government's Enterprise Education in Schools Programme.)
Davies H (2002) Review of Enterprise and the Economy in Education London: DTI/DfES at http://www.daviesreview.org
EC (2001) Benchmarking Enterprise Policy: Results from the 2001 Scoreboard, Commission Staff Working Paper, Brussels: Commission of the European Communities at: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/enterprise-policy/competitiveness/doc/sec-2001-1900-en.pdf
EC (2001) Pocketbook of country profiles on enterprise indicators, Brussels: Commission of the European Communities at: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/enterprise-policy/competitiveness/doc/country-profiles.pdf
Foresight (2000) Financing the Enterprise Society: financial services for SMEs in 2010 at http://www.foresight.gov.uk [publications/previous round link]
Fraser of Allander Institute (2001) Promoting Business Start-ups: A New Strategic Formula Stage 1: Progress Review: Final Report Glasgow: University of Strathclyde
Galloway L & Levie J (2002) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Scotland 2001 Glasgow: University of Strathclyde at http://www.gemconsortium.org/category-list.asp
OECD (1989) Towards an "Enterprising" Culture: A Challenge for Education and Training Paris: OECD
OECD (2001a) Putting the Young in Business: Policy Challenges for Youth Entrepreneurship Paris: OECD
OECD (2001b) Education at a Glance Paris: OECD
Reynolds P D, Camp S M, Bygrave W D, Autio E, Hay M (2001) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Executive Report 2001 at http://www.gemconsortium.org/category-list.asp
Scottish Executive (2000) Social Justice Annual Report at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/social/sjm-13.asp
Scottish Executive Education Department (2000) National Priorities in School Education at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/education/nationalpriorities/priorities.asp
Scottish Executive Education Department (2001) Circular 3/2001 Guidance on Flexibility in the Curriculum Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 16 August 2001. ( http://www.scotland.gov.uk/improvingschools/docs/isnp-00.asp )
Scottish Executive (2001a) A Smart Successful Scotland: Ambitions for the Enterprise Networks
Scottish Executive (2001b) Adult Literacy in Scotland: Employer Survey Report (by BMRB Social Research)
Scottish Executive (2002) Measuring Scotland's Progress towards a Smart, Successful Scotland at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/education/JPTfinal.pdf
Scottish Executive (2002) Scottish School Leavers and their Qualifications 2000-01 at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/bulletins/00175-00.asp
Weaver R Y (1999) 'Society, educational systems and entrepreneurship' Industry and Higher Education 13, 6 376-381
Wicksteed B (1999) 'What makes for an entrepreneurial culture?' National Federation of Enterprise Agencies Conference, September 1999 at http://www.sqw.co.uk/publications
3. What? The curriculum and its outcomes
The evidence presented in this section includes material drawn from the written consultation, evidence sessions, review research and a range of other literature. The main sources are listed here.
EfWE Review documents all available at:http://educationforwork.com/publications
Scottish Executive: SEED and ELLD (2002) Review of Education for Work and Enterprise: Analysis of Responses to Written Consultation
Scottish Executive: SEED and ELLD (2002) Review of Education for Work and Enterprise: Focus Groups with Young People
Scottish Executive: SEED and ELLD (2002) Review of Education for Work and Enterprise: Survey of Provision in Scottish Secondary Schools - November 2001.
Support and Guidance Documents (in order of publication date)
(The Scottish CCC was merged with the Scottish Council for Educational Technology to form Learning and Teaching Scotland in July 2000.)
Scottish CCC, SOEID, HMIS (1997) How Good is our school at Education Industry Links: Self-evaluation using performance indicators Dundee: Scottish CCC
Scottish CCC (1999) Work Experience: a Guide to Promoting Quality Dundee: SCCC
Scottish CCC (1999a) Education for Work: Education Industry Links in Scotland - A National Framework Dundee: Scottish CCC (available at http://www.educationforwork.com/publications )
The framework outlines briefly the reasons for the importance of Education for Work for each stakeholder and the benefits to each stakeholder. The outcomes for young people are detailed. The heart of the framework is the outline of the progressive development which might be expected through school in young people's understanding and awareness of the world of work and suggestions as to what types of activities might assist in achieving this. It was intended that this would serve as a document to assist business as well as schools, and other agencies, in the development of a relevant curriculum for Education for Work.
Scottish CCC (1999b) Education for Work - Guidance and Support for Schools: Introduction (first set) Dundee: Scottish CCC
This set included: The above National Framework, an extract from How good is our school at Education Industry Links, seven case studies covering primary, secondary and special educational needs schools illustrating a variety of ways in which the Education for Work agenda might be covered, and a summary of the report of a consultation on Work Experience in Scotland
Scottish CCC (1999b) Education for Work - Guidance and Support for Schools: second set Dundee: Scottish CCC
This set included: Managing for success in Education for Work - A Guide; a further nine case studies; Education for Work - A Guide for Primary Teachers which mapped examples of activity from across the subject areas of the 5 - 14 curriculum against the proposed learning from the National Framework and provided a range of suggestions as to how this might be delivered in practice; and a summary of the national guidelines for Work Experience which had been published in August 1999
Learning and Teaching Scotland (2000) Education for Work - Guidance and Support for Schools: third set Dundee: LTScotland
This set included a short guide for managers in secondary schools, Education for Work and the Secondary Curriculum - Making Connections, and a set of subject guides covering 24 subject areas, with suggestions as to how Education for Work might be incorporated within the teaching of each subject.
Scottish Executive (2000) Education for Work in Schools: a report by HM Inspectors of Schools Edinburgh: Scottish Executive available at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library2/doc11/efw-00.asp
Scottish Executive (2001) Staff Development for Effective Teaching: Implementing the HMI Report - Education for Work in Schools Education: Scottish Executive at http://www.natcentre.org.uk
Learning and Teaching Scotland (2001) Education for Work: Career Education in Scotland - a National Framework Dundee: Learning and Teaching Scotland
Learning and Teaching Scotland (2002) Education for Citizenship in Scotland: a paper for discussion and development Dundee: Learning and Teaching Scotland
Other main sources:
Skills development
Brown A (1999) 'International Comparisons of how well initial vocational education and training facilitates lifelong learning: a UK perspective', Paper at Third International Conference of Researching Vocational Education and Training Bolton Institute 14-16 July 1999. Sourced at Education-line at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/education-line
CBI (1998) In Search of Employability London: CBI
CBI Scotland (2000) Rethinking Scotland's Skills Agenda: CBI Brief
Conference Board of Canada (2001) Employability Skills Toolkit at http://www.conferenceboard.ca/education/learning-tools/default.htm
Connexions West of England (undated) Key Skills Log...for learning and work. 2nd edition. Bristol: Connexions West of England
Cornford I R (1999) 'Skill Learning and the Development of Expertise' pp 263-288 in J A Athanasou (1999) Adult Educational Psychology Katoomba, NSW: Social Science Press
Nelson J & Morris M (2002) Evaluation of the Connexions West of England Key Skills Log for Learning and Work NFER
Rikowski G (2001) 'Education for Industry: a complex technicism' Journal of Education and Work 14, 1 pp 29-49
Unwin L and Wellington J (2001) Young people's perspectives on Education, Training and Employment London: Kogan Page
Scottish Qualifications Authority (2001) Catalogue of Core Skills in National Qualifications 2001/2002 Glasgow/Dalkeith: SQA
Careers education and choices (and other influences)
Canning R & Mannion G (2001) Patterns of Progression and Participation in Post-16 Education Stirling: University of Stirling
Hodkinson P (1998) 'How Young People make Career choices' Education and Training 40, 6-7, 310-316
Howieson C & Semple S (2001) The Effectiveness of the Careers Service Edinburgh : Scottish Executive/CES, University of Edinburgh
Morris M, Nelson J, Rickinson M, Stoney S, Benefield P (1999) A Literature Review of young people's attitudes towards education, employment and training: DfEE Research Brief no 170 NfER/DfEE
Murray C (2001) 'Personal and social education: perspective on practice' Education and Training 43, 1 6-13
Scottish Executive ELLD (2001) Careers Service Review - Focus Group Report Scottish Executive (unpublished research report)
Semple S, Paris M, McCartney P, Twiddle B (2002) Learning Gains Scottish Executive/University of Strathclyde at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/insight/edru/pub.asp
This study focused on perceptions of learning gains from career education, work experience and enterprise activities. It sought the views of pupils, school-leavers, teachers, career advisers and employers. It was based in five schools and involved 245 young people in S4 to S6.
Enterprise Learning
Cantlay D (1993) 'Mini enterprise in schools project evaluation of primary pilot 1990-91' Early Child Development and Care 94, 97-116
Centre for Entrepreneurship Education and Development (CEED), Nova Scotia, Canada at: http://www.ceed.ednet.ns.ca
Harris A (1995) 'Teaching approaches in enterprise education: a classroom observation study' British Journal of Education and Work 8, 1 49-58
NFTE (no date) Impact: Important Research Results in the Field of Youth Entrepreneurship New York: NFTE
National Centre: Education for Work and Enterprise (2001) Survey of Scottish Schools: Primary and Secondary 1999-2000 Glasgow: University of Strathclyde at http://www.natcentre.org.uk
National Centre: Education for Work and Enterprise (2001) Enterprise Education in Secondary Schools: A Critical Enquiry - Report to Scottish Enterprise Glasgow: University of Strathclyde
National Centre: Education for Work and Enterprise (2002) Survey of Scottish Schools: Primary and Secondary 2000-2001 Glasgow: University of Strathclyde at http://www.natcentre.org.uk
PrEP Programme: http://www.enzt.co.nz .
SBRC and NIERC (2000) Young Enterprise Northern Ireland: An Impact Evaluation Kingston University and Queen's University, Belfast
This was carried out by the Small Business Research Centre at Kingston University and the Northern Ireland Economic Research Centre at Queen's University. It involved a survey of 174 participants in the company programme and a control group of 132 non-participants, with related link teachers and business advisers. A survey of young people who had undertaken the programme five years earlier was completed with 74 respondents.
Semple S, Paris M, McCartney P, Twiddle B (2002) Learning Gains from Education for Work Scottish Executive/University of Strathclyde http://www.scotland.gov.uk/insight/edru/pub.asp
Shuttleworth D (1997) Enterprise learning in action: Education and Economic Renewal for the twenty-first century London: Routledge
Turner E, Lloyd J, Stronach I, Waterhouse S (1993) Plotting Partnership: Education Business Links in Scotland. Report prepared for the Scottish Office Education Department Stirling: University of Stirling
Western Isles Enterprise (1999) Evaluation of Young Enterprise in the Western Isles WIE (unpublished report)
This involved telephone interviews with 20 ex-achievers and a small number of teachers and business advisers, plus a group of 7 employers who employed some of the ex achievers.
Work Experience
Courtney G & Lynn P (2000) Scottish School Leavers Survey, 17 in 97 Scottish Executive
Scottish Executive ELLD (2001) Careers Service Review - Focus Group Report Scottish Executive (unpublished research report)
Semple S, Paris M, McCartney P, Twiddle B (2002) Learning Gains Scottish Executive/University of Strathclyde at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/insight/edru/pub.asp
Young People at Risk
ENTRANCE - European Dissemination Seminar, 23 November 2001; Institute of Education, Bedford Way, London.
The ENTRANCE project is a European Framework IV funded project designed to consider enterprise and its transfer to combat social exclusion. The partner countries were Hungary, Spain, Israel and England. Research was undertaken by the Centre for Education and Industry at Warwick University, using pre- and post-experience questionnaires, diaries and learning logs.
Kendall S, Cullen M, White R, Kinder K (2001) The Delivery of the Curriculum to Disengaged Young People in Scotland Slough: NFER
The National Foundation for Educational Research was commissioned to undertake research on provision for the disengaged in Scotland. The findings are based on investigations of existing provision in Scotland and highlight the features of effective practice with impacts on attendance, attainment, aspirations and attitudes to learning. The research encompassed schools, colleges and other providers. An audit by questionnaire and telephone survey was completed, followed by 16 in-depth case studies.
SWA Consulting (2002) Evaluation of New Approaches to Work Related Learning London: Department for Education and Skills
Evaluation carried out for the Department for Education and Skills of a number of projects which introduced different work-related approaches to 'at risk' groups in the 14 to 16 age cohort. The evaluation focused mainly on 21 action research projects with specific objectives of improving motivation, increasing skills and knowledge, improving attendance and behaviour, and raising attainment. The study involved over 400 young people in the project groups and 340 in a comparator group.
4. How? Strategies for Delivery
Education-Business Partnerships
Berkeley J (1998) 'Promoting lifelong learning through education partnership: part 1' Education and Training 40, 6/7 256-261
Miller A (1998) 'Making education our business: lessons and issues' Education and Training 40, 6/7, 314-320
Vinten G (1996) 'The education-business partnership: an evaluation' International Journal of Educational Management 10/2 27-38
Weller M & Dillon P (1999) 'Education and Business Partnerships in the United Kingdom: Initiatives in Search of a Rationale' Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 19, 1, 60-67
Teacher Education
Bullock K, Goodfellow M, Scott W (1991) 'The Enterprise, Economic and Industrial Dimension to Initial Teacher Education in the UK' British Journal of Education and Work 4, 2, 5-10
Ireland E, Golden S, Spielhofer T (2002) Professional Development - A Review of Teachers' Placements in Business and Industry' London: NFER at http://www.nfer.org.uk/research/down-pub.asp
Lynch R L & Harnish D (1998) Preparing Pre-service Teacher Education Students to Use Work-based Strategies to Improve Instruction Paper prepared to support 'Contextual Teaching and Learning' Project, US Department of Education Office of Vocational And Adult Education and National School-to-Work Office at http://www.contextual.org
Pierce J W & Jones B F (1998) Problem based learning: Learning and Teaching in the Context of Problems Paper prepared to support 'Contextual Teaching and Learning' Project, US Department of Education Office of Vocational and Adult Education and National School-to-Work Office at http://www.contextual.org
Scottish Executive (2001) A Teaching Profession for the 21st Century: Agreement reached following recommendations made in the McCrone Report at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/education/tp21a-00.asp
Scottish Executive/QAA (2000) The Standard for Initial Teacher Education in Scotland at http://www.gtcs.org.uk/publications
Scottish Executive/GTC Scotland (2002) Standard for Full Registration
Scottish Office Education Industry Department (1998) Guidelines for Initial Teacher Education Courses in Scotland
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