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The Status of Traditional Scottish Animal Breeds and Plant Varieties and the Implications for Biodiversity

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THE STATUS OF TRADITIONAL SCOTTISH ANIMAL BREEDS AND PLANT VARIETIES AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY

REFERENCES (LIVESTOCK BREEDS COMPONENT)

Armstrong, R.H. Grant, S.A. Common, T.G. and Beattie, M.M. (1997) Controlled grazing studies on Nardus grassland: Effects of between tussock sward height and species of grazer on diet selection and intake. Grass and Forage Science (1997) Volume 52, 219-231.

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Bignal, E., McCracken, D. and Makay, A. (1999) The economics and ecology of extensively reared Highland Cattle in the Scottish LFAs: an example of a self sustaining livestock system. Livestock Production in the European Less Favoured Areas. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference of the Livestock Systems in Integrated Rural Development Network. Macaulay Land Use Research Institute publication pp 145-154

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Common, T.G., Wright, I.A. and Grant, S.A. (1998) The effect of grazing by cattle on animal performance and floristic composition in Nardus-dominated swards. Grass and Forage Science, 53, 260-269.

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Dennis, P., Young, M.R. Howard, C.L. and Gordon, I.J. (1997) The response of epigeal beetles (Col.: Carabidea, Staphlinidea) to varied grazing regimes on upland Nardus stricta grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1997. 34, 433-443.

Dunn, T.G., Ingalls, J.E., Zimmerman, D.R. and Wiltbank J.N. (1969) Reproductive performance of 2 year old Hereford and Angus heifers as influenced by pre and post calving energy intake. Journal of Animal Science, 29, 719-726.

Dwyer, C.M. and Lawrence, A.B. (1997) The effect of ewe genotype on the behaviour of their lambs in two breeds of sheep. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, p18.

Farid, A., O'Reilly, E., Dollard, C. and Kelsey, C. R. (2000). Genetic analysis of ten sheep breeds using microsatellite markers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 80, 9-17.

Gardner, S.M., Hartley, S.E., Davis A. and Palmer, S.C.F. (1996) Carabid communities on heather moorland in Northeast Scotland: The consequences of grazing pressure for community diversity. Biological Conservation, 81, 275-286

Gordon, I.J. and Iason, G.R. (1989) Foraging strategy of ruminants: its significance to vegetation utilization and management. MLURI Annual Report 1988-89, pp34-41.

Grant, S.A., Milne, J.A., Barthram, G.T. and Soutar, W.G. (1982) Effects of season and level of utilization of heather by sheep. 3. Longer term responses. Grass and Forage Science Volume 37, 311-320.

Grant S.A., Torvell L., Common,T.G., Sim, E.M. and Small, J.L. (1996a) Controlled grazing studies on Molinia grassland: effects of different seasonal patterns and levels of defoliation on Molinia growth and responses of swards to controlled grazing by cattle. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1267-1280.

Grant, S.A., Torvell, L., Sim, E.J., Small, J.L. and Armstrong, R.H. (1996b) Controlled grazing studies on Nardus grassland: Effects of between-tussock sward height and species of grazer on Nardus utilization and floristic compostition in two fields in Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology 1996. pp 1053-1064

Graves, C. (1997) Galloways, The Society and the Cattle. Published by the Galloway Cattle Society.

Hall, S. J. G. (1986) Genetic conservation of rare British sheep: the Portland, Manx Loghtan and Hebridean breeds. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 107, 133-144.

Hall, S. J. G. (1989) Conserving and developing minority British breeds of sheep: the example of the Southdown. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 112, 39-45.

Hansen, P.J., Baik, D.H., Rutledge, J.J. and Hauser E.R. (1982) Genotype x environmental interactions on reproductive traits of bovine females. Postpartum reproduction as influenced by genotype, dietary regimen, level of milk production and parity. Journal of Animal Science, 55, 1458-1472

Hart, E. (1999) Traditional Aberdeen Angus.Ark 27, 110-111.

Hester, A.J. and Ballie, G.J. (1998) Spatial and temporal patterns of heather use by sheep and red deer within natural heather/grass mosaics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 772-784.

Hodgson, J., Peart, J.N., Russel, A.J.F., Whitelaw, A. and Macdonald, A.J. (1980) The influence of nutrition in early lactation on the performance of spring-calving suckler cows and their calves. Animal Production, 30, 315-325.

Hoekstra, J., van der Lugt, A. W., van der Werf, J. H. J. and Ouweltjes, W. (1994) Genetic and phenotypic parameters for milk production and fertility traits in upgraded dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science, 40, 225-232.

Jamieson, A (1966). The distribution of transferrin genes in cattle. Heredity, 21, 191-218.

Kantanen, J., Olsaker, I., Holm, L.-E., Lien, S., Vilkki, J., Brusgaard, K., Eythorsdottir, E., Danell, B. and Adalsteinsson, S. (2000) Genetic diversity and population structure of 20 north European cattle breeds. Journal of Heredity, 91, 446-457.

Lidauer, M. and Mantysaari, E. (1996) Genetic constitution of the Finnish black and white cattle population and the influence of Holsteinization on protein yield, days open and somatic cell count. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 46, 193-200.

Marriott, C., Bolton, G.R., Barthram. G.T., Fisher, J.M. and Hood, K. Early changes in species composition of upland sown grassland under extensive grazing management. Applied Vegetation Science 2002 (in Press).

Mercer, J.T., Lewis, R.M. and Alderson, G.L.H. (1997) The Adaptation of Rare Breeds of British Livestock to Different Environments : A Review. A literature review on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

McDougal, J.D. (1978) Blue-Greys as suckler cows and the role of the Whitebred Shorthorn.

ADAS Quarterly review. No 30, 153-158.

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Newborn, D. (2000) The value of Hebridean sheep in controlling invasive purple moor grass.

Aspects of Applied Biology, 58, 191-196.

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Osoro, K. and Wright, I.A. (1992) The effect of body condition, live weight, breed, age calf performance and calving date on reproductive performance of spring-calving beef cows. Journal of Animal Science. 70, 1661-1666.

Pollock, C.J. (2000) Farming for the Future: Biotechnology and Engineering in Perfect Harmony? Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 76, 219-255

Royal, M. D., Darwash, A. O., Flint, A. P. F., Webb, R., Woolliams, J. A. and Lamming, G. E. (2000) Declining fertility in dairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrine parameters of fertility. Animal Science, 70, 487-501.

Ruane, J. (2000) A framework for prioritizing domestic animal breeds for conservation purposes at the national level: a Norwegian case study. Conservation Biology, 14, 1385-1393.

Ruane, J., Klemetsdal, G., Heringstad, B., Jorjani, H., Madsen, P. and Poso, J. (1999). A note on genetic exchange in the Nordic dairy cattle population. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 49, 221-224.

Rutter, L.M. and Randel, R.D. (1984) Postpartum nutrient intake and body condition: effect on pituitary function and onset of oestrus in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 58, 265-274.

Ryder, M.L. (1968) The evolution of Scottish breeds of sheep. Scottish Studies 12, 137-167.

Scottish Executive. (2001) Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture, 2001 Edition At http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/agric/ersa01-00.asp

Southgate, J.R., Cook, G.L. and Kempster, A.J. (1982) A comparison of different breeds and crosses from the suckler herd. 1. Live-weight growth and efficiency of food utilization. Animal Production, 35, 87-98.

Strong, L. and Wall, R. (1994) Effects of ivermectin and moxidectin on the insects of cattle dung. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 84, 403-409

Thorhallsdottir, A.G., Provenza, F.D. and Balph, D.F. (1990) Ability of lambs to learn about novel foods while observing or participating with social models. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 25, 25-33.

Toulmin, D. (1992) I widn'a be a loon again. In Collected Short Stories. Gordon Wright Publishing, Edinburgh.

Waterhouse, A. and Evans, R.G. (1995) The development of tourist sites interpreting livestock production in Scotland. In: Animal production and rural tourism in Mediterranean regions. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Animal Production and Rural Tourism in Mediterranean Region organized by EAAP, FAO, CIHEAM and SNFEZ of Portugal, Evora, Evora, Portugal, 10-13 October 1993. Wageningen Press, Wageningen Netherland pp. 257-261.

Wilkins, R.J. (1994). Future directions for grassland farming - a research scientist's view. Journal of the Agricultural Society - University of Wales, 74, 53-64.

Wiltbank, J.N., Rowden, W.W., Ingalls, J.E. and Zimmerman, D.R. (1964) The influence of post-partum energy level on reproductive performance of Hereford cows restricted in energy intake prior to calving. Journal of Animal Science, 23, 1049- 1053.

Wright, I.A. and Russel, A.J.F. (1987) The effect of sward height on beef cow performance and on the relationship between calf milk and herbage intakes. Animal Production, 44, 363-370.

Wright, I.A., Rhind, S.M., Whyte, T.K. and Smith, A.J. (1992) Effects of body condition at calving and feeding level after calving on LH profiles and the duration of post-partum anoestrous in beef cows. Animal Production, 55, 41- 46.

Wright, I.A., Davies, D.A. and Vale, J.E. Grazing of permanent pasture and Molinia-dominated pasture by different Genotypes of Cattle. Grazing Management: British Grassland Society occasional symposium No 34.

Sources of Information for Tables 2.7 and 2.8

Alderson, G.L.H. (1977) Comparative performance standards for some minority breeds of sheep. The Ark 4, 227-232.

Alderson, G.L.H. and Hindson, J.C. (1993) Invaluable source of information - rare breeds of sheep at Ash Farm. The Ark 3, 91-93.

Anon (1991b) Summary of Combined Flock Book Returns, 1989/90. The Ark 18 (6) 200-201.

Anon (1994) The Combined Flock Book Volume XX. The Ark 21, 277-278.

Castlemilk Moorit Breed Society (-) Castlemilk moorit - breed description. Castlemilk Moorit Breed Society leaflet.

Hall, S.J.G. and Clutton Brock, J. (1989) Two Hundred Years of British Farm Livestock. British Museum (Natural History), London.

Kilkenny, J.B. (1981) MLC Beef Improvement Services Pedigree Beef Cattle Averages, 1979-81. MLC Beef Improvement Services Data Sheet 81/7.

Lewis, W.H.E. (1978) Beef records and the interpretation of performance test results. Proceedings of a Conference on Minority Breeds in Commercial Systems - NAC Stoneleigh, UK, December 1978.

MLC (1991) MLC Beef Yearbook. MLC Publications, Milton Keynes, UK.

MLC (1995) MLC Beef Yearbook 1995 Appendix B Genetic Performance. MLC Publications, Milton Keynes, UK.

Porter, V. (1992) Cattle - A Handbook to the breeds of the world. Helm Information, England.

RBST (1994) Rare Breeds Facts and Figures. Rare Breeds Survival Trust Publication.

RBST (1989a) Hebridean : Mule productivity comparison 1988-89; summary of results. Rare Breeds Survival Trust report.

Ryder, M.L. (1968) Orkney Sheep. Scottish Studies. 12, 137-167.

Schwabe, A.E. and Hall, S.J.G. (1989) Dystocia in nine British breeds of cattle and its relationship to the dimensions of the dam and calf. Veterinary Record. 125, 6363-639.

Silva, J.R. (1984) RBST Study: Ease of parturition in rare breeds of sheep. Rare Breeds Survival Trust Report.

Simon, D.L. and Buchenauer, D. (1993) Genetic diversity of European livestock breeds. EAAP Publication No. 66, Wageningen Press.

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