The Scottish Government

Evaluation of the Scottish Pilots
Drug Treatment and Testing Orders:

Susan Eley, Kathryn Gallop,
Gill McIvor, Kerry Morgan, Rowdy Yates

Department of Applied Social Science
University of Stirling

Scottish Executive Social Research 2002

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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Introduction
The English pilots
The Scottish pilots
Objectives of the research
Organisation of the report

CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research methods

CHAPTER THREE: SELECTING OFFENDERS FOR DTTOS
Introduction
Sentencers' knowledge of DTTOs
Perceived purpose of a DTTO
Assessing offenders for DTTOs
Offenders for whom a DTTO is appropriate/inappropriate
Differences between a DTTO and a probation order
with a drug treatment requirement
Referrals, assessments and orders
Self-reported offending and drug use prior to receiving a DTTO
Agreeing to a DTTO
Offenders' views on the length of the DTTO
Factors affecting the use of DTTOs by the courts
Summary

CHAPTER FOUR: TREATMENT PROVISION
Introduction
Treatment providers in the DTTO pilots
Treatment providers' knowledge of DTTOs
Treatment providers' views about the purposes of the DTTO
Communication between DTTO staff and treatment providers
Multi-disciplinary working
Range and quality of treatment services
Perceived gaps in treatment provision
Offenders' views about treatment
Summary

CHAPTER FIVE: TESTING, REVIEWS AND ENFORCEMENT
Introduction
Drug testing
Perceived purpose and effectiveness of testing
Offenders' views of drug testing
Reviews
Observed reviews
Offenders' perspectives on reviews
Amendment and revocation of orders
Enforcement
Barriers and bridges to completion
Summary

CHAPTER SIX: EFFECT OF DTTOS ON
DRUG USE AND OFFENDING
Introduction
What constitutes a successful DTTO?
Perspectives on the effectiveness of DTTOs
Failures on DTTO
DTTO workers' and treatment providers perspectives
on the effectiveness of DTTOs in individual cases
Offenders' perspectives on drug use and offending
at the early stages of the order
Drug use and offending after six months on a DTTO
Risk of further drug use
Risk of further offending
Offenders' overall views of DTTOs
Families' views of DTTOs
Comparison group interviews
Summary

CHAPTER SEVEN: THE COSTS OF DTTOS
Introduction
The cost of drug misuse
Estimating the cost effectiveness of
drug treatment interventions
Estimating the direct cost of the pilot DTTOs
Estimating the indirect and total costs of the pilot DTTOs
Estimating the cost implications of a roll-out of orders
Estimating the cost impact of DTTOs on
drug-related offending

CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSIONS
Introduction
Conclusions
Issues arising from the pilot
Concluding observations

REFERENCES