« Previous | Contents |
Listen
MANAGING RADIOACTIVE WASTE SAFELY
Footnotes
1 The precautionary principle is based on an approach that starts from the principle of safety first.
2 There was a slight discrepancy in the overall returns of the questionnaires, the "unaffected" public completed 14 initial surveys and 16 final ones, the community activists completed an initial 11 and a final 12 questionnaires. The young people completed 10 and 10 and the 'affected public' 9 and 9.
3 All focus groups were noted on flipcharts and with additional notes double checked with other researchers .
4 'Extended' focus groups were used to allow for a deliberative discussion of the issues and ideas presented by participants, rather than using the standard 1 hour group sessions that would only highlight initial responses to the information provided.
5 The journal article was used to show how information is generally presented in journals, rather than to judge a particular article or journal.
6 A change of date, due to adverse weather conditions, meant that one of the male participants could not attend. A second man was unable to participate due to a family illness. One female respondent could not be contacted, despite 2 letters and numerous phone calls.
7 An area with an Ministry Of Defence nuclear installation.
8 All of whom had been checked by the Scottish Criminal Records Office (SCRO) by their local authority employers for security purposes. Local workers have to receive parental consent to their children's participation by law and an additional consent form was required by the research team from parents and participants.
9 Some interviewees said that they did not want to confirm content.
10 The community activist (Stirling) group provides a bridge between these 2 chapters, using their knowledge of engagement to raise questions and ideas for engaging the public in general which are reported in Chapters 2 and 3 and their experience of engagement to explore some of the issues and opportunities, which is reported in Chapter 4.
11 These results were not used to allocate participants to smaller groups (participants were encouraged to self select their smaller groups).
12 A long running 'classic' BBC comedy series, featuring 2 brothers making a living from various semi-legal activities.
13 Payment has been found to be a relatively more important factor in participation among 14-17 year olds recruited to citizens' jury exercises. See, for example, findings from the Glasgow Young People's Jury on Drugs (Opinion Leader Research, 2001).
14 We have used a simple scoring system to summarise the results in Table 3.4 Where participants stated that they had "A great deal of trust", a score of +2 was recorded, followed by "A fair amount" (+1), "Not much" (-1), "None at all" (-2) and "Don't know" (0).
15 The Young people's group was composed of participants from 3 local authority areas, making this result difficult to interpret.
16 Managing Radioactive Waste: Awareness and attitudes of the Scottish Public Research Findings Summary, prepared by Scottish Opinion Ltd for Scottish Executive Central Research Unit, 2002.
17 Europeans and Radioactive Waste Report, INRA (Europe), 2002
18 "Structure Plans contain the land use planning policies and proposals which coordinate the requirements for development land with the protection of the environment at the strategic level."
Scottish Executive's Planning Advice Note 37.
19 Open meetings at local level involving councillors, council officers, community representatives and the general public.
20 A stakeholder dialogue process is one where people with different perspectives and views, sometimes opposing views, work together to find consensus. It is a facilitated (independent facilitator), long term process aimed at increasing participants understanding of each others' views and value bases in order to reach a workable agreement.
21 There are approximately 1200 community councils in Scotland representing populations of between 80 and 30,000 people.
22 The BNFL stakeholder dialogue involves a wide range of organisations and individuals interested in or concerned about nuclear issues. Its aim is to inform BNFL's decision-making process about the improvement of their environmental performance in the context of their overall development.
23 Project ISOLUS - Front End Consultation - Final Report to MOD, CSEC, Lancaster University, September 2001 .
24 Best Value is a set of guiding principles across all local government functions: sound governance; performance measurement and monitoring; continuous improvement; and long-term planning and budgeting.
25 Community Planning is based on the concept of local government taking a lead role in bringing other public agencies together to link public agency strategy and policy and ultimately linking these to community views and aspirations.
26 SIPs are area and theme based partnerships bringing agencies and communities together to address social inclusion issues.
27 People's Panels consist of people who have agreed to be consulted on a regular basis about public service issues (Cunningham 1999:2).
28 In 2002 evidence suggests that citizen's juries cost between 20,000 and 25,000. Stirling Council estimated a high percentage of citizen participation costs are the cost of staff time involvement (2001). For instance direct officer time and resource costs of the Stirling Assembly were estimated at 25,645 in 2000/01 and for Area Forums at 20,300. At the same time Perth and Kinross identified the cost of setting up a 'Viewfinder' citizen's panel at 17,200 (including consultancy fees and recruitment costs). Angus Council incurred similar costs for their citizen's panel in 2000 with 20,000 allocated to support the work of the panel in the medium term. Their youth congress cost 40,000 in 1999-2000.
29 Safe management of radioactive waste is an example of what the Performance and Innovation Unit and Cabinet Office would recognise as a "wicked issue", with a mixture of opposing views on solutions, an emotional response from the public and a history of negative media coverage blocking open discussion.
30 - Measles Mumps and Rubella ( MMR) inoculation some people believe can cause autism, despite continued reassurance from government and their advisers
- Experience of the BSE crisis, when the disease spread from animals to humans, despite continued reassurances from the Government of the day and their scientific advisers that it could not
- Development of GM crops has caused concern about the impact of the crops on non-GM crops and the possible effect on the food chain.
« Previous | Contents |